Communication & professional relationships with children, young people and adults Essay

1.1 In order to develop a positive, professional relationship with a child, it is very important to communicate effectively in your dealings. This means learning how to approach and respond to children. Positive relationships go hand in hand with successful communication of information. Adults within a school who deliver information strongly and effectively are more likely to be beneficial to pupils. Good communication skills involve watching and censoring what we say in times of stress or excitement so our behaviour is not copied and the school expectations are upheld. If we set boundaries and ask a child to behave in a certain way, then we ourselves cross those boundaries, then it is harder for that child to understand what is acceptable and what is not. Good and effective communication must be worked on or misunderstandings may happen, leading to bad feeling and sometimes un-repairable working relationships. 1.2Â  There are several principles of relationship building with children, firstly effective communication; this is a key area in developing initial relationships. Secondly showing respect to a child and listening to their point of view will in turn earn respect and you should always take time to remember their names. Another principle is being considerate and taking into consideration that a child maybe under stress which may have affected their behaviour in the short term. Maintaining a sense of humour is another key principle as laughter is a great way to relax and relieve stress. It is important to always take time to listen as a child may need to confide or ask advice. Showing interest develops relationships. Principle number six is to always remember personal issues and inquire from time to time and show concern, this makes a child feel cared for and will relax more in your presence. Finally being clear on key points and when speaking to a child and relaying information is important, ask the child to repeat what you just said so that it is clear that the child understood at the end of your discussion. Relationships in school are built on a daily basis, by following these key principles you can build a good rapport with children. 1.3Â  To communicate with pupils from a different cultural background it is important to adapt your behaviour to suit the situation; for example a child from a different country may require you to speak slowly and concisely enabling that child to understand easily and take an active part in the conversation. In some cultures it is considered to be impolite to look somebody in the eye whilst talking to them therefore it would be necessary to adapt how we behave by adhering to their practices.

Flipkart Case Study Essay

Flipkart.com is a story of the two young computer science graduates brothers Sachin Bansal (26) and Binny Bansal (25) from IIT-Delhi 2005 batch who left their jobs in amazon.com (an American multinational E-commerce company) in 2007 with a dream to become India’s top retail Outlet In E-commerce Industry. They came up with an idea to sell books including novels online. Flip kart’s timeline shows it was to start as a price comparison platform, but there weren’t enough e-commerce sites to compare. So, both the Bansals, who were colleagues at IITDelhi, and then at Amazon.com, thought, â€Å"why not start an e-commerce site?† That was the genesis of Flip kart. From an initial investment of Rs. 4 Lakh this So they started to make a website, although it was a bigger task to create a website with 50,000 titles but wouldn’t be impossible for IITians†¦ so finally they created which took about a month and a half to start a basic working website with 50,00 0 titles and grown our catalogue to over 1 Lakh available titles. On 5th September 2007 they launched the company’s URL i.e. Flipkart.com for the first time in just an apartment room. . The website was launched on 15th Oct 2007. Flip kart is an Indian ecommerce company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. From a start-up with an investment of just four lakh rupees, Flip kart has grown into a 100 million revenue online retail giant in just five years. Flip kart focused on online sales of books initially. The process involved in online shopping for books has gone through drastic changes and is more secure right now. A customer could use our user-friendly web page to place an order, once the order is placed online – the book is taken off the online inventory. In case of unavailability – it will be purchased from a supplier. The Book will then get packed and couriered on the same day. Flip kart is currently tied up with around 12 courier service providers. Flip kart also use Indian Postal services to reach areas without courier providers. Logistics play an important role in our business. But it later expanded to electronic goods and a variety of other products. The key differentiators are Availability of variety of goods of various categories, online shopping experience on the site and post sales experience. Apart from this the Cash on Delivery service is also one of the main reasons which keep it apart from  other E- commerce portals. The cash-on-delivery model adopted by Flip kart has proven to be of great significance since credit card and net banking penetration is very low in India. . Flip kart offers multiple payment methods like credit card, debit card, net banking, e-gift voucher, and Cash on Delivery. IDEA Binny Bansal and Sachin Bansal saw a good opportunity in the market around e-commerce. Also, regular job was not as challenging. The excitement and satisfaction that comes with building something of a long lasting value is addictive enough for them to continue this. They started flipkart.com because they themselves felt the need for a good online book store. E-commerce sector is one of the toughest to get into in India. They believe that they can make a difference here. They wanted to create something which has a long lasting value and which we can be proud of. An attractive neutral name is what they looked for. Good domain names were hard to get. They were looking at names that did not just speak of books alone, but one that could suit any category of Products that we may add in future. Also, they wanted to have a catchy name with high recall potential. Flip kart could in simple terms mean ‘Flipping things into your Kart’. CURRENT POSITION OF FLIP KART Flip kart started with selling books. In 2010, they added to their catalogue media (including music, movies and games) and mobile phones and accessories. In 2011, product launches included cameras, computers, pens & office supplies, computer accessories, home and kitchen appliances, personal care, health care, gaming consoles, audio players and televisions. In 2012, product launches includes health & beauty products, Life style products which includes watches, belts, bags & luggage. In November 2011, Flip kart launched a new Electronic Wallet feature that allows shoppers to purchase credit to their Flip kart account using credit or debit cards, and can subsequently be utilised to make purchases on the site, as and when required. From June 2012, Flip kart allowed people to buy toys, posters and from October 2012, Flip kart entered into apparel retailing. ACQUISITIONS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM 2010 â€Å"WE READ†, social book discovery tool 2011 MIME260, a digital content platform com 2011 Chakpak.com is a bolly wood news site that offers updates, news photos and videos 2012 Letsbuy.com is India’s second largest e-retailer in electronics. Flip kart has bought the company for an estimated US$25 million. ACHIEVEMENTS MADE BY FLIPKART.COM Flip kart owners have been featured in Business Today as one of the top 25 start-ups of 2009.They have been also nominated for Ernst and young award for the best entrepreneur of 2010. Apart from that they have been featured multiple times in start up news as well as mainstream news. Today, they are recognized as number one in the industry. As a testimony to the superior customer experience, the company has consistently recorded repeat purchase rates of more than 50%. They have also managed to get a registered buyer in every small town and city and hope to constantly improve their service standards. Flip kart’s reported sales as follows:- IN FY 2008–2009- > 40 million IN FY 2009–2010- >200 million IN FY 2010–2011- > 750 million IN FY 2011–2012- > set to cross the 5 billion As Internet usage in the country increases and people get accustomed to making purchases online. Flip kart projects its sales to reach US$1billion by year 2014 and is aiming at generating a revenue of 50 billion (US$1billion)2015. Ranks among the countries top 30 website. Customer base of more than 2 million. 30 shipment on daily basis Daily sales have increased to 2.5 crores. POPULAR PRODUCT CATEGORIES 1. Clothing: T-shirts, Jeans, Sports Wear, Trousers, etc. 2. Footwear: Casual Shoes, Formal Shoes, Flats, Heels, etc. 3. Beauty & Personal Care: Trimmers, Shavers, Soaps, Brushes, etc. 4. Mobiles & Tablets: Samsung, Micromax, Nokia, Sony, etc. 5. Laptops & Accessories: HP, Dell, Sony, Lenovo, Pen Drives, etc. 6. Books: Literature & Fiction, Biographies, Novels, EBooks, etc. 7. Baby Care & Toys: Vehicle & Action Toys, Stuffed Toys, Diapers, etc. 8. Sports & Fitness: Cricket, Football, Basketball, Badminton, etc. TOP BRANDS 1. Clothing: Adidas, Puma, Reebok, Lee, etc. 2. Footwear: Puma, Adidas, Reebok, Fila, etc. 3. Watches: Casio, Fastrack, Citizen, Timex, etc. 4. TV: Sony, LG, Samsung, Philips, Panasonic, etc. 5. Sports & Fitness: Speedo, Nivia, Yonex, Cosco BUSINESS MODEL Creating and maintaining a person-to-person trading community Function as a value added facilitator Provide a supportive infrastructure Zero inventory & without having traditional sales force Profit centers: Domestic business International business and Payment Largest online trading forum Compelling and entertaining environment Establishing trust & safety programs Cost effective and Convenient trading Strong community affinity An intuitive user interface ORDER LIFECYCLE Get the item Procure from Supplier (Just-in-time) (Supplier selection) Keep Inventory (Inventory Prediction, Planning) Clean & Check for sanity Pages missing, MRP printed lesser than told to you Pack the item Tamper proof, weather proof, breakage proof Select courier & hand-over Courier performances vary across regions a LOT Get tracking id & communicate to customer Follow-up for timely delivery Take care of returns (faulty product/user changes their mind) Minimize returns MARKETING STRATEGY Flip kart has been mostly marketed by word of mouth advertising. Customer satisfaction has been their best marketing medium. Flipkart very wisely used SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and Google Ad-words as the marketing tools to have a far reach in the online world. Flipkart.com official Face book page has close to 9 lakh ‘likes’. Flipkart recently launched a series of 3 ads with the tag line – â€Å"No Kidding No worries† Kids were used to create the adverts to send out the message – if a kid can do it, you can also do it. All in all to create a great customer experience. EXPANSION PLANS They aim at 10 times growth and eyes at $ 1Billion sales by 2015. They will look at bigger investments in their supply chain and technology. Investment will be made in large warehouses and increased automation of their process, so that the product is not delayed. They intend to enter in to various new categories and expand their current categories as well. Everything except for groceries and automobiles will be available on Flipkart in future. To go further in the value chain, Flipkart is looking at associations with a larger number of suppliers and partners, both nationally and internationally. PERSONEL ANALYSIS Great customer service Easy to use website, hassle free payment system Cash on delivery/Card on delivery mode of payment Focused on user experience ADVANTAGES Attract users to the site Provide selection Make it easy to Find & Discover products Provide details to evaluate a product Description, Specifications, UGC. Price well Have to be competitive to the most obvious options Provide convenient payment options Online, COD Confirm payment CONCLUSION They started off in 2007 by setting up three centres across India without funding. Six months ago, they reached number one status. They are also four times bigger than their nearest competitor. The company started off small; today they have grown ten times over the last one year and aim to touch the Rs 400 crore mark by March 2013.

Challenges And Frustrations In A Country Doctor English Literature Essay

Challenges And Frustrations In A Country Doctor English Literature Essay Franz Kafka’s, â€Å"A country doctor† is a story that narrates the experiences and challenges a country doctor faces as he tries to carry out his duties as the doctor. He goes through various obstacles which he has no solution to, but has to face them just as they are. He clings to the idea of being a helper, wards of resignation, is ready to sacrifice his private life for his professional ethics and is forced in the cruelest way to recognize the vanity of his effort (Samon 2002). In this essay, am going to identify four challenges and frustrations that accompany each that confront the doctor. I will also explain why the story may be called a nightmare then lastly highlight the themes that revealed from the story. The weather is very unfavourable. It is this period that the doctor struggles to attend to an emergency ten miles away during a snowstorm. It is this bad weather and exhaustion that led to the death of his horse. The death of the horse greatly frustrates the doctor as he is unable to attend to the alarm because of lack of a horse. At the end as he goes back home, he is still greatly affected by the snow. The perspective of the patient about his sickness is also a big challenge to the doctor. The patient has given up on life. When the doctor arrives and looks at the patient, the young man says, â€Å"doctor, let me die!† This is a total loss of hope. The young man knows that the presence of the doctor will not bring any improvement to his health status. The young man later asks, â€Å"Will you save me?† At the end the young man tells the doctor that he had very little confidence in him. This is a major challenge to the doctor as the sick young man has already given up. The doctor is frustrated because he can do nothing to the state of the young man (John stone 2008). The emerging of the groom from the pigsty is one great challenge the doctor faces. The groom is a stranger but very willing to assist by lending his horse. In stead of accompanying the doctor, he refuses to go with him. In fact just the first time he handles Rosa is very suspicious. He scratches her cheek with his teeth. The groom’s actions after the doctor leaves are also mysterious (Cuizon 2008). The torment the doctor feels about Rosa is also a great challenge. Rosa was left with a stranger whom she was not willing to stay with. The doctor had to make a choice between saving Rosa and attending to the patient. He decides to attend to the patient but is frequently disturbed mentally about the state of Rosa and the stranger. The frustrations go further as he has left Rosa in a vulnerable state yet his mission is not successful (Cuizon 2008). The story might be called a nightmare because of the happenings that take place. The emerging of the groom and the horses from the pigsty is frightening. The doctor, who is the owner of the pigsty thinks it is abandoned, in fact Rosa’s comment is satirical; â€Å"one doesn’t know the things one has in one’s own house.† The groom is too willing to help. The description of the horses is not normal; in fact the doctor admits that he had never used such horses. The speed the horses run and the time taken for the ten miles is very short. The way the patient’s family handles the doctor is also frightening. They take off his clothes, and then force him to lie in the same bed with the patient. They then close the door and leave. In addition, the song sung by the school children and the teacher is frightening, â€Å"take his clothes off, then he will heal, and if he does not cure, kill him. It’s only a doctor, it’s only a doctor.†(Cuizon 2008).

No topic just 4 questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No topic just 4 questions - Research Paper Example The democratic approach to peace involves considering the rights of the people. When the rights such the right to life, movement and speech are limited leads to suffering. Democracy gives equal chances to the warring communities to exercise their rights. Once the rights are observed, they will stop fighting. In peaceful settlement, it involves dialogue and agreement over issues causing the commotion between the warring ethnic groups. The method of conflict settlement can be the most appropriate because there is no usage of excessive force. The excessive force cause more harm The liberal will employ two methods to settle the conflict. They will use military and economic policies. In the military aspects they will force the two ethnic groups to stop and surrender their weapon. Failure to do so, they will be forced by the, military to surrender forcefully. The economic policies involve widening the dependency between the poor and the rich for the poor to continuously depend on the rich. They will threaten the warring nation with economic sanction in which they have to comply. Failure to compliance leads to total withdrawal of the support. In conclusion, the two aspects of conflict settlement: realist and liberal have the advantages over the other. The liberal is more forceful than the realist. It can be used in few cases as compared to the realism that is harmless and observe human

Sociology - Discuss the argument that the family is in decline Essay

Sociology - Discuss the argument that the family is in decline - Essay Example school of thought contests this view and a third argument states that nothing has changed and that the family unit remains largely unchanged (Gillies, 2003). This paper explores the argument that the family is in decline. Firstly, a definition of family will be provided. Secondly, three theoretical perspectives will be presented in regards to the family being in decline. Finally, a conclusion will synthesize the main points raised in this paper, and provide recommendations for future research. Defining what a family is is a highly contentious issue. In 1949 George Murdock defined a family as a group of people that includes two of both sexes, at least tow of who have a legally sanctioned relationship, and one or more children. This view was upheld by functionalist theorists such as Parsons and Goode (Parsons & Bales 1955, Goode 1963 cited in Levy, Widmer, & Kellerhals, 2002). However, over time the variety of families in industrialised societies has increased dramatically, hence its definition has been modified. Macionis and Plummer (2002) define a family as a social institution that can be found to exist in all societies. The function of the institution being to unite people into a cooperative group, to enable survival and raising of children, socialization of children and a regulation of the sexual activity of the people within the group. The family unit being a social group of two or more people who may be related through blood or marriage, or through adoption or by vir tue of cohabitation or family by choice, and so share in the economic and social responsibilities (Macionis & Plummer, 2002). In 21st globalised society numerous forms of family structure exist: the nuclear family remains, with two parents and children, although the term has been extended to include same sex couples who may not be married; the reconstituted family that combines two one-parent families; single-parent families; and the extended family which may be â€Å"vertical† in that

In what ways is a non state actor different from a nation state Essay

In what ways is a non state actor different from a nation state - Essay Example A nation state is a legal entity that has come into existence through the approval and recognition of the global entities. It enjoys the privileges and other accreditations of the global community. A nation state comes into existence through the fulfillment of number of factors. These factors are essential in terms of becoming an independent state. The first and foremost factor that is essential towards the nation state’s existence is its occupation over a defined territory. This territory must not be in conflict with other nations. The other factor that makes up for a nation state includes a nation’s ability of a state to engage itself in the international intercourse and international relationship building with the other states. The third factor is that of recognition by the global community. Without the recognition, the nation state cannot come into force. Politically, economically, socially complete and self reliant entities can make up for a nation state. This has been formally defined for the first time after the First World War when League of Nations gave shape to the concept of nations, legal entities and illegal entities. A nation that has no major conflict over the land or resources can earn nationhood through the consent and approval of the United Nations.Java earned its independence from Indonesia through the approval of United Nations. The Nongovernmental organizations and entities are also termed as the non state actors, however their domain of work, their existential concept and working nature is different.

MARKETING PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MARKETING PLAN - Essay Example are creating the new plan, all details of the   company’s existing electronics marketing plan are to be considered irrelevant. The intent is   that current strategies, practices, etc., will be considered for relevance and possible   continuance only after your new plan has been presented to and is understood by top   management.   Given:   Company G’s team of engineers and designers have developed a line of top-quality small   appliances, and through concept and prototype testing, they have shown that the visual   design features are very appealing to potential buyers and give a distinct impression   associated with quality and artistic elegance. ... ach of the products in the line at a cost that   should enable them to emerge as the lowest-cost producer in the small-appliance industry.   Company G has a low debt-to-equity ratio and a high credit rating. It enjoys excellent   relationships with current suppliers, but because of differences in material requirements,   new raw material suppliers will be needed to support the small appliance line. Company G   will also need new suppliers for two component parts that will be purchased ready for   assembly into some of the small appliances.   The credit terms Company G offers to intermediaries in their distribution channel are typical   for their industry. Marketing research has shown that the company’s XG brand and logo are   readily recognized by most categories of electronics product consumers.   Abstract In the modern environment of commerce, companies must understand the purpose of gaining the technology leverage that is lacked from their competitors. I n this particular work, a company known as â€Å"Company G’s† marketing plan will be developed in order to ensure its supremacy in the market. Creating a market plan would allow the company to understand the risks and explore any opportunities that are available. As society progresses to 21st century, the fierce competition that looms in commerce as dramatically been enhanced. In this particular situation, Company G’s mission statement is â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing  high-quality, innovative electronic solutions.†Ã‚   This same philosophy applies in their product line. Providing superior quality products is the focal point for this organization as it strives to enhance research and development. The revenue that companies accumulate is funded to

Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting Essay

Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting - Essay Example The essay "Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting" discovers Chinese philosophy of art from the foundation fount of painting. Chinese painters were a conservative bunch. They did not see the relevance of exploring other themes aside from their culture until the Europeans came to their land. However, this does not mean that the Chinese art of painting did not evolve at all. Initially, the painters were tied to making frescoes on temple and palace walls. The frescoes’ themes were mostly religious in temples while in palaces, the paintings were meant to celebrate the ruling family at that time. From frescoes, painting shifted to silk surfaces and paper. Artists relied on their own inspiration and pleasures to come up with the paintings. Painters concentrated on the beauty of landscapes and also strived to keep the memory of prominent leaders and individuals from disappearing once their eras came to a close. From literati paintings that concentrated on landscapes, hum ans and physical things, the craft shifted to formless beings and creatures. The painters became conscious of the spiritual world and they tried to enjoin the visible and invisible world through their paintings. At this point, art was acknowledged as a power to explore both the physical and spiritual world. They believed that physical creatures depended on these formless creatures for survival. Quoting from the text: what has form must rest on the without form. This means that physical life is a continuation.

Using Ownership Incentives in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Using Ownership Incentives in China - Case Study Example On the other hand, the method has also been seen to reduce employee turnovers in the organizations where it is practiced. The outcome of the study are of great significance to Ben Freed and his partners in their quest to export this management culture to China with the aim of expanding their business and market globally. Analysis of the various aspects that would impact on the company’s incentive ownership culture would significantly inform the choice of practice to be adopted by the company, hence acting proactively to avert potential risks on the same. On the other hand, the findings of the study are of significant importance to employees, especially the experts based in the US, who are expected to move into a different country to introduce the new management system. The knowledge gained is important in preparing them on what to expect from the new geographical and cultural setup. The local culture of ownership as practiced in the Silicon Valley could be exported to China in various ways. For instance, the mode of payment for the China-based employees, together with all other employee motivational practices done in the US, could be introduced for the Chinese employees. This would thus mean that the payment for these employees be inclusive of their normal salaries together with the stock ownership percentages as determined by their respective positions in the company (Dong, Bowles and Ho 826). With the use of employee ownership approach, the CEO is well placed in motivating the workers to be responsible and work hard considering that their own success is determined by the company’s success. Additionally, the use of this approach is important in demonstrating to the employees that the company values all stakeholders in it equally, and gives similar treatment to all its employees. As observed in the historical practices in China, however, there could be n umerous challenges in

Analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of Coursework

Analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of implementation of the EU Directives - Coursework Example The UK, being home to the global financial hub of London, has necessarily had to enact a number of measures traceable to the 1993 Money Laundering Regulations. The paper is an analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of implementation of the EU Directives Money laundering is a criminal process of accruing supposedly legitimate assets or moneys, through diverse means and procedures, which are able to ‘clean’ illegal criminal proceeds. Fundamentally, due to its diverse impacts upon the economy, it has been vital for not only localized and regional attention but also global implementation of watchdog policy initiatives. The dynamic nature of criminal enterprise, has necessarily dictated the need for constant updating of prevailing legislation in line with the new methods, processes and avenues of laundering ‘dirty’ money. As a result, the term ‘Money laundering’, has come to be categorized and connected to other diverse forms of financial crime in relation to the general misuse of existing financial systems. Accordingly, under this categorization, diverse forms of financial system misuse i.e. of traditional and digital currencies, credit cards and securities amongst others, have been interlinked to the criminal act1. Furthermore, this has led to the association of terrorism funding, as well as diverse evasion measures of international sanctions with the criminal act of money laundering. Initially, pertinent legislation dealing with this form of criminal activity was mainly focused on local and regional settings, as various nations experienced the positive impacts of industrial growth. Accordingly, the diverse legislations enacted were principled along these contexts, mainly dealing on a local and national scale. However, due to the influence of gradual globalization process, there was need for a re-think of the prevailing preventative measures. Of fundamental importance, because of the link

Proessionals Responsibility To The Society Essay Example for Free

Proessionals Responsibility To The Society Essay Professionals should not restrict their work to their work place only. Instead they should extend it to the community in which they operate. Professionals can be involved in the society in many ways which include education, economic empowerment and creation of international links. Professionals have a wider understanding of the contemporary affairs. This knowledge can be used to educate the society on its civil rights, how to respond to social challenges and enlightening them on the national and international affairs. The society expects the professionals to use their knowledge and understanding of these matters to help them to be better braced to face challenges in the society. Education can be done through seminars, awareness meeting and mobilizations in order to enable the people to live together harmoniously. The society needs awareness in matters of gender parity, respect for religious and racial differences within the community and other social matters as may be violated in the society. Another area of education is how to utilize the natural resources sustainably since ignorance of such a serious matter can cause drastic effects on people. Â  Professionals can also contribute to the economic empowerment of the society through many ways. They can either directly or indirectly take part in activities aimed at developing people economically in the society. They can do this by proving the necessary conducive environment that can enable people in the society to realize their full potential. In empowering people, professionals have the obligation to enlighten the society on the factors of production available to them and how to look for market for their goods. They can also contribute directly by building schools, factories and medical facilities where people in the community can access them easily. Professionals are in a better position, due to their experience and knowledge, to identify talents in the society. Such talents can be developed and promoted in order to enable be people to live to their potentials. Organization of sporting activities and meet people campaigns are some of the activities which can be used to achieve this. At the same time professionals can use their knowledge to provide carrier counseling for students within the community in which they work. This can help them in choosing their carriers hence empowering them economically in future. Â  Professionals can help to link the society with the outside world. Since they have a better understanding of the culture, believes and economic activities of other people, they can enlighten the society not only on how to interact but also areas of interaction that can realize maximum returns out of such interactions. They can be involved in exchange programs in fields of education, business and culture to mention but a few. This can promote international understanding and cooperation among different countries. Â  Journalists are supposed to provide information to the society. However, this can be difficult in societies where the living standards are low. It becomes difficult for people to access the information due to poverty levels. At the same time some in some countries there is lack of freedom to journalists. They are limited on what they can report. While fighting for their rights, they should fight for the rights of the society as well. Â  Teachers on the other hand are supposed to reduce illiteracy level in the society but this is made difficult by the fact that education is expensive in some countries. Cultural reasons also water their efforts to lighten the society through education. Â  Lawyers can be of benefit to the society by promoting civil rights in the society but their work is hindered mostly by cultural and reasons. Some practices which violate human rights are in most cases valued highly by people in the society. Failure to report of injustices committed in the society also contributes to the difficulties the lawyers face in carrying out their responsibility to the society. Â  Reference: 1). www.internews.org/global/gov/default.shtm 2). www.americanpressinstitute.org/pages/resources/2005/07/

Penelope lively Essay Example for Free

Penelope lively Essay All 3 of the short stories carry a similar main theme, a theme which derives from the classic tale of Hansel and Grethal by the Brothers Grimm. A theme of disregard, procurement of the nieve and coincidentally, murder. The first of these stories is The darkness out there by Penelope lively. This story doesnt follow the theme as strictly as the others but it is loosely based upon it. The time set is not at first overly apparent. But it soon becomes clear that it was set not long after world war two, late 40s early 50s. Probably in Kent or some other country side place. The narrative is a story of generosity, which is shattered by evil. The goodness is symbolised by the children and the evil by the old woman. The crime is one of murder and the turning point is when the boy realises how evil the old woman is. In the next story, the lost hearts by M R James, the time set is a lot earlier around the time of 1811. Its a ghost story as opposed to the darkness out there, which is a 20th century fairy tale. Its is set in a mansion in Lincolnshire called Aswarby hall, a typical house in the reign of Anne. By the way of language structure, this story uses some colloquial language with generally longer, more complex sentences and metaphorical language than the first story, A lot of the vocabulary used would be classed as archaic or old fashioned. The narative carries a simular feel as the first story, the child trusting the witch character, and be procured into a trap. But the ending differed from the first as the criminal is punished. Leaving the story on a much higher note than the first. The final story is The landlady by Roahl Dahl. More a horror story than a fairytale, but there is still an element of procurement. Set in a picturesque town called Bath, more than likely in the 1950s. There are only two main characters in this story, there is a one Billy weaver, who plays the part of the innocent victim and there is a seemingly sweet old woman, who plays the witch character. The use of English is, in the main, standard and the colloquial language of the time would be considered as standard to a younger generation. When signing the guest book, Billy realises that something foal was afoot. He recognises seeing both the names in the paper under a murder column, this is the turning point. At the end of the story, we are made to believe that he is also poisoned, but this is not confirmed by the cliff-hanger ending. The darkness out there and the landlady are both set in the 20th century, This is made clear in the darkness out there by many lines, the main giveaway being a German plane came down there in the war, I am sure that we are all aware that German planes would not have came down in England, in the 19th century. And the time set is proven in the landlady by the line probably lost a son in the war. This point of proof could be arguable, there have been wars in both centauries which she could have lost her son in, but only the wars in the 20th century which stated compulsory enrolment. The lost hearts is set in the 19th century, there is much proof of this and it is apparent right from the beginning. The line in September of the year 1811 makes the time setting of the 1800s unarguable. There is of course further evidence to suggest this, the post chaise in line 4 and of course the more archaic language used such as as far as I can ascertain and tinged with the sort of melancholy. Both the C20 stories carry the same style as far as the use of Standard English with a little colloquial language of the time. They are both written in a more modern style, with shorter and less complex sentences than more classical pieces of writing; And a big chest, jutted under washed out jerseys. Of the modern story, rather than It was as far as I can ascertain, in September of the year 1811 that a post-chaise drew up before the the door of Aswarby Hall, in the heart of Lincolnshire. If a theme had to be assigned to the stories, the theme would be procurement in each story, but if it was to be a style that would be assigned, the styles would vary. The darkness out there would be a murder/ thriller story. The landlady would defiantly be a 20th century fairytale. And the lost hearts would be more difficult to determine. It is a style of murder, fairytale and horror, with a hint of science fiction. I have touched on the archaic language used by James in a previous paragraph. He uses verbs and adjectives that would not be used so much today such as congruous, acquaintance and afore. Some of the language used in the other stories could also be described as now archaic. Words like spinney and lodgings. I feel that the only reason Liveleys and Dahls use of description appears quite simple compared to that of James, is because it uses adjectives we are far more familiar with such as fairly, wide, pretty and plump. Rather than adjectives such as purer and gently beating. As I have previously stated, all 3 stories carry a general theme of procurement, a theme which derives from the Grimms fairytale Hanzel und Grethel. It is clear in each story who plays the role of the wicked witch and who plays that of the innocent children. In the darkness out there, old Mrs Rutter plays thw witch character whilst the children play the innocent victims of procurement.

Effective Leadership Styles of School Principles

Effective Leadership Styles of School Principles In order to be effective, schools require skilled leaders. The role of the principal is the key to a schools ability to meet the needs of the teacher it serves. However, the impact and the influence a principal has on teacher commitment is not a simple relationship. Principals in todays schools require the person in the position to carry out a countless number of functions as well act in a variety of different roles. As DeLucca, et al. (1997) found, the literature on educational leadership clearly emphasizes that the principal is a highly complex and demanding role (p. 105). Fullan (1991) described the changing role of the principals over the past two decades as becoming dramatically more complex (p. 144). The study of transformational leadership in the context of principals school leadership is relatively new. Building upon the work of Burns (1978), Bass (1985), and Bass and Avolio (1994), Leithwood (1994) developed a transformational model of school leadership. Leithwood states that transformational leadership skills are necessary skills for principals if they are to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Recent studies completed by various scholars in the field have indicated that administrators who demonstrate a transformational leadership style have teaching staff with increased job satisfaction, a greater sense of teaching efficacy, demonstrate higher levels of organizational commitment, and have less staff turnover (Griffith, 2004; Yu, et al., 2002; Ross Gray, 2006). However, strategic leadership is the main role of the principal while pedagogical leadership is the responsibility of the teachers (Crowther et al., 2000 and, 2002; Smylie-Hart, 1999). Their relationships have been described by Crowther et al. (2000) as parallel leadership. Teacher leaders and administrator leaders work in parallel and develop new roles and relationships within the school. Strategic leadership theory suggested that strategic leaders are individuals who have the ability to think strategically by envisioning, anticipating, innovating, maintaining flexibility, and mobilizing others to adopt changes which provide the organization with a competitive advantage (Elenkov, et al, 2005; Ireland Hitt, 2005). Strategic leaders enable organizational staff to exploit diverse opportunities to adapt and respond to environmental uncertainty. According to Ireland and Hitt, strategic leadership theory advocates that, companies are a reflection of their top managers, and, in particular , of the chief executive officers (p. 65). Hence, Davies (2004) had identified nine factors associated with the strategic leadership styles of school heads. In his terms, Davies classified these nine factors into two parts: firstly, the ability of a school head to undertake organizational activity (strategic competence, strategic orientation, strategic translation, strategic alignment, and strategic interaction), and secondly, his or her individual characteristics (restless, absorptive, adaptive, wise). Teacher commitment is crucial to effective schools, teacher satisfaction and retention. There has been increasing interest among scholars in the concept of commitment and the study of the commitment of several professionals such as students (Staw, 1976; Meyer Allen, 1987). Educational researchers have focused on commitment to the organization in this case, teachers (Firestone, 1990; Tyree, 1996; Nais, 1981). They call this phenomenon teacher commitment, denoting commitment to the school (Ryes, 1989). Commitment is part of a teachers affective or emotional reaction to their experience in a school setting (Ebmeire Nicklaus, 1999). According to the related literature, in these circumstances employees can develop affective commitment: in a more decentralized organizational structure (Robbins, 1997), in an organizational structure having an open and honest communication network (Zangaro, 2001), in an organizational culture encouraging participation (Parnell Crandall, 2003), when they h ave the opportunity to participate in decision-making (Somech Bogler, 2002), especially in strategically important decisions (Lines, 2004; Celep, 2000), and when they are affected by the outcomes of these decisions (Torka, 2004), when they have the opportunity to participate in the strategic planning process (Oswald et al., 1994), when they are provided with autonomy (Firestone Pennell, 1993), when they have the opportunity to acquire knowledge and other resources in the organization (McDermott et al., 1996), when strategic objectives (Enriquez et al., 2001), expectations (OCreevy et al., 1997) and the vision (Oswald et al., 1994) of the organization are communicated to them, when they are treated fairly and justly (Martin Bennett, 1996; Naumann et al., 1998), when they have adequate payment (Abdulla Shaw, 1999), when there is a congruence of ethical values between employee and organization (and/or manager or supervisor) (Schwepker, 1999; Peterson, 2003; Janssen, 2004), when the y have a supportive, facilitative and hearty leader (Kidd Smewing, 2001; Hui et al., 2004) and when they find their leader (or supervisor) trustworthy (Perry, 2004). STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Many researchers have pointed out that in order to be effective in the current context of school improvement, principals need to conform to the role as transformational leaders who have the potential for building high levels of commitment to the complex and uncertain nature of the restructuring agenda (Caldwell, 1992;, Hallinger, 1992;, Leithwood Jantzi, 1997;, Murphy Hallinger, 1992). There are differences in what these roles might include, that is, what the dimensions of principal leadership style are. Building the dimensional measure of principal leadership style, thus, motivated the researcher to conduct this study in the hope that it will contribute to our understanding of the principals transformational leadership style which is considered a foundation of school effectiveness. Another important issue that has not been adequately examined by previous research is the underlying model of the strategic leadership styles of principals. Waldman and Javidan (2002) indicated that little research exists on strategic leadership and its influence on organizational performance. The general problem is that contextual factors influence leadership behaviors across all levels of the organization, thus constraining leaders to adopt behaviors driven by external and internal demands. (Antonakis House, 2002;, Carroll, 2002;, Waldman, et al, 2001;, Waldman Javidan, 2002). It has been widely recognized that many discouraged school behaviours are, to an important extent, due to the low commitment of teachers. Teachers who experience this deficiency would engage in a variety of work behaviours that only reinforce their task failure (Rosenholtz, 1989). In an effort to overcome this, teacher commitment becomes necessary. Leithwood et al. (1994) suggest that committed teachers are less likely to leave the organization and have a desire to improve practices in an effort to realize the schools mission. Therefore, teacher commitment should be examined because it leads to greater job effort and involvement. (Porter, et al, 1974;, Rosenholtz, 1989). Since there is no specific style that is best for all situations, developing skills in selection of appropriate transformational and strategic leadership styles need to be emphasized because if these skills are poor, the consequence can be quite negative. Ubben and Hughes (1992) postulate that effective leadership depends on understanding the condition of a problem situation and assessing correctly how much participation is required to be successful and the form that this participation should take. An incorrect response to the demand of a situation may have a negative impact on-teachers personal satisfaction and may consequently affect their enthusiasm and commitment. Many times staff or teachers are dissatisfied with principals, not because of the nature of their decision, but because of the leadership style used (Leadership Management Development Center, 1997). Moreover, the Ministry of Education in Thailand enforces school principals to obtain quality assurance certification once every five years, where the schools need to ensure the system is developed in accordance with the standards, criteria, principles and guidelines as stipulated in the educational Act. In recent years, the average points obtained in the national test shows that, Islamic private schools in three provinces of southern Thailand ranked bottom compared to other schools in national ranking as far as academic achievement is concerned. (Secretary Board of Educational Office, 2007). In addition, Sermsak and his colleagues (2004) noted, the Islamic private secondary school principals lack of skills especially in educational management. As a member of an educational organization, the researcher considers that it is important to conduct this study. In this study, the researcher focuses on the principals in Islamic private secondary schools in southern Thailand. As mentioned abo ve, principals are educational leaders and teachers are practical instruments in achieving the schools goals. Conducting a study to identify which is the most effective principal leadership style (transformational leadership or strategic leadership) and its effect on teacher commitment is believed to be a worthwhile study. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The theory that this study has tried to build was based on the foundations of several existing theories in the literature. Firstly, the study reviewed various dimensions of leadership styles from previous studies by Barnett et al. (2001), Chui et al. (1996), Janzi and Leithwood, (1996), and Leithwood et al. (1996) considering-the present school context in southern Thailand. Five relevant dimensions of leadership styles are specifically proposed to be used in this study (Liethwood, 1996). The five dimensions of transformational leadership styles are visionary leadership, individual orientation, structural leadership, empowering leadership and role modelling Secondly, the study reviewed the strategic leadership styles (Davies, 2004; Davies Davies, 2004). There are nine categories of strategic leadership characteristics. In his terms, Davies classified these nine factors into two categories; individual characteristics (restlessness, absorption, adaptiveness/adaptibility and wisdom) and organizational capability (strategic competence, strategic orientation, strategic translation, strategic alignment and strategic interaction. Thirdly, the study reviewed a theory from perspective of the affective approach on commitment. Commitment is defined as the relative strength of a persons identification with and involvement in an organization (Mowday et al., 1982). According to Buchanan (1974), commitment is a partisan or affective attachment to the aims and values of an organization, to ones role in relation with these aims and values and to an organization for its own sake, Further, according to the cost-benefit approach, commitment is a result of the perception of benefit associated with staying in and the perception of cost associated with leaving from an organization (Kanter, 1968). From the normative approach, commitment is the aggregate internalized normative pressures to conduct in a manner which meets organizational objectives and interests (Wiener, 1982). It extensively examines the influences of transformational leadership and strategic leadership on teacher identification, involvement, and loyalty to the commitment (Abdulhakam, 2005). The three factors of teacher commitment are identification, involvement and loyalty. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Based on the statement of research problem and the theoretical model as seen in Figure 1, the objectives of the study are as follows: To examine the factors underlying the transformational leadership styles of school principals in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the factors underlying the strategic leadership styles of school principals in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the factors underlying the teacher commitment of school teachers in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the effect of transformational leadership style of school principals in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the effect of strategic leadership style of school principals in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the effect of transformational leadership of school principals on teacher commitment through strategic leadership style in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. To examine the effect of strategic leadership style of school principals on teacher commitment through transformational leadership style in Islamic private secondary schools in Southern Thailand. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES As stated earlier, the objectives of the study are to examine the factors underlying the transformational leadership and strategic leadership styles on teacher-commitment and to examine which leadership style which is dominant among the Islamic private secondary school principals. Thus, the hypotheses of the study are as follows: H1: Transformational leadership styles of school principals are represented by visionary, individual orientation, structural leadership, empowering leadership, and role modelling. H2: Strategic leadership styles of school principals are represented by restlessness, absorption, adaptiveness/adaptability, wisdom, strategic competence, strategic orientation, strategic translation, and strategic alignment. H3: Teacher commitment factors are represented by identification, involvement, and  loyalty. H4: The transformational leadership style of school principals directly and significantly affects teacher commitment. H5: The strategic leadership style of school principals directly and significantly affects teacher commitment. H6: The transformational leadership style of school principals positively and significantly affects teacher commitment through strategic leadership style. H7: The strategic leadership style of school principals positively and significantly affects teacher commitment through transformational leadership style. RESEARCH DESIGN This research adopted a quantitative approach as described by Creswell (2003), by emphasizing the utilization of quantitative surveys to determine if the effects existed between the variables, strategic leadership and transformational leadership styles, and teacher commitment as perceived by Islamic private secondary school teachers in three provinces in Southern Thailand. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to determine to what extent the model of hypothesized effects is supported, and how well a hypothesized conceptual model fits the associated data. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is preferred because many previous studies supported the employment of SEM in this kind of research (see e.g. Clegg et al. 1997, Neilson 1997). SEM is also selected because of its ability to define and test a comprehensive System Contingency Approach (Hiltz, 1994) type of theoretical models. For instance Chin (1998, vii) has mentioned that, when applied correctly, SEM-based procedures have substantial advantages over first-generation techniques such as principal component analysis, factors analysis, discriminant analysis, or multiple regression because of the greater flexibility that researcher has for the interplay between theory and data. Compared to these first generation techniques often used in these types of analysis, some of the advantages of the SEM include the ability to: (1) estimate the direct, indirect, and total effects of variables; (2) define and investigate relationships among latent constructs; (3) estimate the variance accounte d for in each latent construct by other variables in the model; and (4) estimate error terms associated with each observed and latent variable (Heck and Wolcott 1997; Li, Harmer Duncan, Acock and Boles 1998). Research methods of the study consist of two steps; firstly, a hypothesized model will be developed by reviewing related literatures. The model will be assessed by educational experts. Secondly, the developed learning process reform model will be validated using the SEM to analyze the data collected from the Islamic private secondary school teachers in three provinces in Southern Thailand (Narathiwat, Yala, and Pattani,) Instrumentation In addition, at the end of the questionnaire there is an open space, where respondents have the opportunity to write about their experiences on commitment or comment on the questionnaire or the study in general. The Thai language questionnaire is filled out anonymously and it took about 20 minutes to complete. Validity and Reliability Content validity The validity of the measurement-items will be assessed in order to determine if a measure adequately reflects the real meaning of the construct under consideration. Two types of validity checks were performed in the initial stages of scale development: (1) Content Validity and (2) Construct Validity (Hair et al., 2006). Construct validity Construct validity or factorial validity, describes the logic of items which comprise measures of social concepts; this refers to the extent to which the empirical definition of the construct corresponds to the conceptual definition of the construct (Hair et al., 2006). Two types of validity were used to assess Construct Validity: (i) Convergent Validity and (ii) Discriminant Validity. Reliability The Cronbachs Alpha value is used to assess the reliability parameters. It provides a summary of the intercorrelations that exist among the set of items. Any suspect measurement-items will be removed. For this research study, the expected Cronbachs Alpha value is above than 0.7 as suggested by Hair et al. (2006), implying a statistically acceptable internal consistency reliability. Population and Sample The population in this study is Islamic private secondary school teachers in three provinces in Southern Thailand who teach in the school that are generally based on the Western Educational model. A simple random sampling is used to select the participants. The expected margin of error (accuracy) should  ± 4 % and confidence interval of 95% (Ferguson, 1981; Vockell Asher, 1995). All survey instrument will mailed to and administered by the Principal and Manager for administration for the respective schools. All completed survey instruments will return to researcher using enclosed envelopes. Data analysis method and Statistical technique This study will employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques to determine the extent to which the model of the hypothesized effects is supported. All the statistical procedures are performed using SPSS 11.5 and AMOS 16.0. SEM evaluates how well a hypothesized conceptual model fits the associated data. Sometimes SEM is called a latent variable causal modeling because it is used to test causal models and theories, and because it involves the measurement of latent variables. The SEM is usually viewed as a confirmatory rather than as an exploratory procedure. It can also be seen as a family of statistical techniques which incorporates and integrates path analysis and factor analysis. The model consists of two parts, the measurement model and the structural model. The measurement model specifies how latent variables or hypothetical constructs depend upon or are indicated by the observed variables. It describes the measurement properties (reliabilities and validities) of the observed variables. The structural model instead specifies the causal relationships among the latent variables. By causal what is meant is the assumption that, everything else being constant, a change in the variable at the tail of the arrow will result in a change in the variable at the head of the arrow (Loehlin,1987, p.4). SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Result of this study are pictured to provide empirical data on factors of effective leadership styles among Islamic private secondary school principals in Southern Thailand that have not been fully studied. Therefore, this study will fill this research need. Thus, the results of this study are expected to help in the understanding of teachers and principals which is in accordance with effective leadership styles. The findings are extremely important to understand or determine the effect or failure of factors affecting the implementation of principal leadership styles both in terms of on transformational leadership and strategic leadership styles as perceived by the teachers. Such information can help to improve the strategy in order to accomplish school success. Finally, this study will aid teacher educators, administrators, professional development coordinators, and government officials to adequately prepare, train, and support principals so they may become effective Islamic principals in line with the current educational reform endeavour as intended by the Ministry of Education in Thailand. These considerations make this study worthwhile. DEFINITION OF TERMS Principal Leadership Behaviour The behaviour on the part of principals that transforms change in their followers through visionary leadership, individual orientation, structural leadership, empowering leadership, and role modelling. Strategic Leadership It is defined as educational executives who adopt a new way of thinking and acting. More than ever before, strategic educational leadership depends upon a restlessness, absorption, adaption, wisdom, strategic competence, strategic orientation, strategic translation, strategic alignment, and strategic interaction Teacher commitment It is defined as the relative strength of teachers identification with, involvement with, and loyalty in a school organization. In this study, teacher commitment is measured primarily by the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Mowday and his colleagues (1979) and also by selected items from other scale developers (e.g., Allen Meyer, 1990; Buchanan, 1974; Blau, 1985; Cook Wall, 1980). Islamic Private School (IPS) The schools, which are established by private individuals, offering both religion and secular subjects are fully subsidized or partly subsidized, or not subsidized at all. Those schools that are not subsidized enjoy a certain degree of freedom in educational operation and organizing educational activities (e.g. manpower, finance, and material resources). The present study deals with the first category of schools (fully subsidized) whose educational activities are under the governments supervision.

Tale Of Two Cities :: essays research papers

Noble or Suicidal People often give up their life to save another as an act of courage or valiancy. In the novel Tale of Two Cities, Sidney Carton’s death saved Charles Darnay. However, when Carton gave his life it was not a noble act nor did he die merely to save Darnay. Carton committed suicide to immortalize himself in the eyes of Lucie Manette, Charles Darnay’s wife and Sidney Carton’s obsession. The fact that this event saved Charles Darnay’s life was just a fortunate coincidence. Ever since Carton was first introduced in the novel the author established that he was a drunk and a failure. Mr. Striver pointed out to Sidney Carton that his alcohol problem was interfering with his success as a lawyer. One time while with Lucie, Sidney Carton said that he would give his life to make her happy. He was dedicated to Lucie even though he could not have her for his wife. The main reason Carton committed suicide was because his life was going nowhere. In fact, if his life was moving in any direction it was down. He was a sad excuse for a lawyer. Lucie was married and had a child. The woman he loved pitied him. Yet Carton had a pathetic need to be around Lucie. For example, he swore that he would come visit Lucie and her kids frequently. The major reasons for Sidney Carton’s death revolved around Lucie Manette. Chances are Sidney would have given up alcohol if he could have married Lucie. He most likely would have become a prosperous lawyer if he needed to support a family. Carton would not have been the â€Å"jackal† anymore, as described by his law partner Mr. Striver. One might think that if Carton cleaned up his act he could have convinced Lucie to be his wife. The opinion Lucie had towards Carton may have been different if he was a successful lawyer and not an alcoholic. The reader is unaware if Carton was ever a successful lawyer. The novel starts off too late in Sidney Carton’s life to determine if his alcoholism was caused by the rejection of Lucie.

Oliver Cromwell a Hero not a Villain Essay -- Leaders Politics English

Was Oliver Cromwell a hero or a villain? I think Oliver Cromwell was a hero. He was good – hearted and ambitious, and he wanted England to be at it’s best with no corruption and unfair methods. He thought Charles was not doing the right thing, so he worked hard and got him executed. Oliver Cromwell was a Member of Parliament (MP) and was against king Charles and his ways, so he worked hard and got the king executed. After that, he got offered the post of king, but he refused it, but was Lord Protector of the country. After some time, he dismissed parliament (because he thought they were getting selfish and greedy), and ruled on his own until he died of an infection on the 3rd of September 1658. Lots of people thought of Cromwell as a hero because he got the king executed for his bad ways and got the country in a really good, wealthy position. He put things right. Cromwell was a hero.â€Å" We need a person of great honesty and courage to clear the country of evil men making their riches from our poor starving and miserable countrymen. In other words, Oliver Cromwell†. The poor man’s guardian, 1831. These people were trying to show that Oliver Cromwell was perfect for the country. It is a newspaper so it would most probably be quite reliable. But you can never say because it is the ‘Poor Man’s Guardian’, and only focuses on the poor people’s views (whom Cromwell helped a lot). It does not state the views of wealthy people (whom Cromwell did not help too much). Oliver was a hero. He was brave rather than cruel, he did what he needed to and acted in god’s name when he killed lots in Drogheda. He did not mean to kill innocent peop le. He killed fewer than many are assuming. â€Å"It’s not fair to say he was like Hitler or Mussolini, ... ...t town on a Sunday’ or ‘no mending a dress on a Sunday’ (basically, no work on Sundays). No one was allowed to enjoy themselves because of these harsh rules. He did not allow people to play, even a small game of football. He banned Christmas. Just because his puritan beliefs, why should everyone else suffer? Just because he believes in it, why should he force other people to? Shouldn’t they have their own freedom? Cromwell was a villain. He just wanted others to suffer. Many people hated Cromwell, but about the same number thought of him as god. People’s opinions and impression on him were different, but personally I think he was a hero. He put some discipline into the country (there is none now), he tried to train people to be good and brave, but unfortunately, many rebelled. They did not get his policy. Many did. Oliver Cromwell, overall, I think he was a hero.

The Endocrine System Essay -- Biology, Hormones

In the human body we have a system that deals with chemical communication through the use of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones and the target cells that respond to the hormones, this system is called the Endocrine system. This is used to help maintain the essential purpose of the human body which can range the metabolism to growth. This system also works in line with the nervous system in regulating the interior functions and keep up homeostasis and also long term behaviour. There are many hormones in the human body that can affect attitude and behaviour. A very common behaviour throughout the human life, which is affected greatly by hormones, is the sexual behaviour. There are a range of hormones which are created from the gonads and placenta which affect this behaviour. These can be set into two different categories for both male and female, male hormones is known as androgens, which has testosterone which allows the progression of the male reproductive area and the preservation, also provides secondary characteristics and behaviour. The female hormones is known as Estrogens, such as estradiol, which functions in the improvement plus preservation of the woman’s reproductive area, which allows the growth of the other sex characteristics , also the changes in behaviour and in the reproduction of the mammary glands. However both male and females, produce both types of hormones and both have important effects, but males produce more androgens and females produce more estrogens. There has been lots of attention in the connection among behaviour and hormones and it shows that the normal difference in the quantity of hormones which is presented is related with the difference in behaviour. A case of this can be... ...he affects of the female hormones as a result of it been seen as controversial to do. Therefore we have to assume that hormones affect the behaviour of all humans even though research is done on the male hormones. Although there is still knowledge in the fact that when a woman goes through her menstrual cycle that it affects their behaviour and mood, there is still no clear research into which hormones affects this change. On the other hand, females do still contain a little of the testosterone hormone in their system so this could still affect the females behaviour even though they don’t have a high amount of testosterone, however this is still yet to be researched due to complications. Overall we can see that hormones can affects one’s behaviour and there is still research yet to be done into a greater extent to find which hormones can affect which behaviour. The Endocrine System Essay -- Biology, Hormones In the human body we have a system that deals with chemical communication through the use of hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones and the target cells that respond to the hormones, this system is called the Endocrine system. This is used to help maintain the essential purpose of the human body which can range the metabolism to growth. This system also works in line with the nervous system in regulating the interior functions and keep up homeostasis and also long term behaviour. There are many hormones in the human body that can affect attitude and behaviour. A very common behaviour throughout the human life, which is affected greatly by hormones, is the sexual behaviour. There are a range of hormones which are created from the gonads and placenta which affect this behaviour. These can be set into two different categories for both male and female, male hormones is known as androgens, which has testosterone which allows the progression of the male reproductive area and the preservation, also provides secondary characteristics and behaviour. The female hormones is known as Estrogens, such as estradiol, which functions in the improvement plus preservation of the woman’s reproductive area, which allows the growth of the other sex characteristics , also the changes in behaviour and in the reproduction of the mammary glands. However both male and females, produce both types of hormones and both have important effects, but males produce more androgens and females produce more estrogens. There has been lots of attention in the connection among behaviour and hormones and it shows that the normal difference in the quantity of hormones which is presented is related with the difference in behaviour. A case of this can be... ...he affects of the female hormones as a result of it been seen as controversial to do. Therefore we have to assume that hormones affect the behaviour of all humans even though research is done on the male hormones. Although there is still knowledge in the fact that when a woman goes through her menstrual cycle that it affects their behaviour and mood, there is still no clear research into which hormones affects this change. On the other hand, females do still contain a little of the testosterone hormone in their system so this could still affect the females behaviour even though they don’t have a high amount of testosterone, however this is still yet to be researched due to complications. Overall we can see that hormones can affects one’s behaviour and there is still research yet to be done into a greater extent to find which hormones can affect which behaviour.

A Speech to Be Delivered to the Parents Teachers Association the Causes of Student Unrest and Suggest How It Can Be Prevented

Composition of Blood Blood contains a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma) in which living cells (formed elements) are suspended. Blood contains 55% plasma and 45% formed elements. Plasma is over 90% water. It also contains electrolytes (salts), plasma proteins, and substances transported by blood (i. e. nutrients, hormones, etc. ). The three types of formed elements are erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD functions  of the  blood  are: o transport  oxygen  away from the lungs and around the body; and  CO2  from the body cells to the lungs. to transport  nutrients  such as glucose and amino acids from the digestive system to the cells in our bodies. to take  waste products  such as lactic acid away from the muscles when it's produced by anaerobic respiration; and urea from the liver to the kidneys and bladder. By maintaining a good circulation, the bloodflow keeps your core body  temperature BLOOD DISEASES lood disease,  any d isease of the  blood, involving the red blood cells erythrocytes, white blood cells leukocytes, or  platelets  (thrombocytes) or the tissues in which these elements are formed—the  bone marrow,  lymph nodes, and  spleen or of  bleeding and blood clotting. Long before the nature and composition of blood were known, a variety of symptoms were attributed to disordered blood. Red blood cells were not recognized until the 17th century, and it was another 100 years before one of the types of white blood cells, the  lymphocyte, and the clotting of blood (coagulation) were described.In the 19th century other forms of leukocytes were discovered, and a number of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs were distinguished. Morphological changes—the changes in form and structure—that take place in the blood during disease and the signs and symptoms of the various blood diseases were described in the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th centur y. In the years that followed, a more physiological approach began to develop, concerned with the mechanisms underlying the development of blood disease and with the ways in which abnormalities might be corrected.

Detecting Deception

Deception, in some other word Lying, may lead to a serious aftermath in the enforcement of legality and the proceedings in the courtroom. Hence, much sweat is devoted by the forensic psychologists in developing different techniques and methods to detect trickerys. concord to DePaulo et al. , falsification is defined as a deliberate attempt to mislead others. entirely to no avail, research have shown that majority, including lawfulness enforcers do not have a chance levels in deception spotting just by using comprehension only.A study by Ekman & OSullivan (1991) about the law enforcement officials have cogitate that just about of them have failed to attain in a higher place chance levels. On a contrary, in that respect are studies showing that certain lie catchers such as experts in psychology field has the ability to perform preceding(prenominal) the accuracy of chance in the catching of deception (Ekman, OSullivan & Frank, 1999). This in turn is overly give tong ue to to be influenced when experts has experience in interrogating liars, making them more confident in detecting deception.Besides, in the same study, it is said that men is better at detecting deception over women (Mann, S. , Vrij, A. , & Bull, R. , 2004). The study by Mann et al. is of a high stake lies scenario which is similarly the main strength that differentiates them from previous studies. The judge were unable to perform better than is judge due to the exposure of a videotaped scenario. The terminus ad quem of the studies was that the duration of the fragments is too shot where elongated ones may be more desirable.These challenges do not stop researchers to find ways to overcome the difficulties in detecting deception accurately. Hence, researchers divert their focus in examining the scoop out cues that can be utilize to tempt deception. For instance, polygraph has been the most popular method used in detection deception. The application is so far said to be the most successful because it is based on many a(prenominal) different measurements in the aspect of psychophysiological that includes respiration, tinder rate, blood pressure, and electrodermal response.Via this measurement, an autonomic arousal var. can be obtained which is the core in detecting deception. The aim of this experiment is to manoeuver ways in the detection of truth and deception and how it affects the judging of deception. We predict that commonwealths accuracy in detecting truth or deception ordain be best in the auditory sensation non-verbal cues condition (eyes covered), worst in the ocular non-verbal cues condition (ears covered) and intermediate in the visual+audio non-verbal cues condition.

Marraige

Arranged marriage is continue a lot over seas in the horse opera bea, not so much in the join States. There is an article that is called Im well-chosen with an Arranged Marriage by Gitangeli Sapra. In this article she discusses her view of arranged marriages. Ms. Gitangeli approves of arranged marriage, it is stated that mountain who get married for love has a 40% rate of divorce. She also states that arranged marriages have a lower rate of divorce for the fact that the opposes do not want to start a fretfulness between their families. Is arranged marriage right or wrong?Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, I protest with arranged marriage I believe that families should not have the right to lap up their children with who they return best suits their child. I believe marriage is or so two people who love, support and respect separately other. I personally would not prefer my parents to set me up with aroundone who they think is a groovy match for me, because I h ave una corresponding standards thus they do and I have a different idea of who the type of person I would like to spend my time with. Parents want to see their children with winning spouses and who they think are a good person.If parents were to hold who they want their child to marry then they depart be too involved in the couples relationship, so if the relationship is not workings out the couple would be too stimulate to get a divorce because of what their family might do. A lot of countries make arranged marriage mandatory, and some people really do agree with it it are apart of some cultures, but others do not. Fatma Uncon was a twenty year old female who was labored into an arranged marriage, which she did not want. Since she was forced she decided to ordinate suicide by shooting herself

The Great Depression 1929-33: A Sources Assignment

promontory 1 origination A is an choice pecker lift by the republican ships comp whatever during the first. It is a distrustful portrayal, questioning the republican fellowships beliefs. It implies that their policies choose no free-baseations by heavy hatful to grin and desire the low pass on go a modality, This howling(prenominal) tokened restroom bequeath cultivate the problems of the Nation. It alike says reportl Do non adventure national gather up by expression glum. This is a subtle, sardonic consultation to the subsidy Marchers, who had fought in the first-year mankind fight and who, in whitethorn 1932 marched to consider warm altogetherowance of the inducework forcet they had been promised by the g e precisewherenment. The plagiarize from the bank none refers to the mode of smell the g wholly overnment speak gloomy the protesters by apprehend rather a a teeny-weeny and apply violence.This government none bowl o vers us usher nearly the beliefs of the elective companionship and the methods apply by it to form moderate. until straight off, as the bill of f be is a bit of propaganda and aims to stockpile tribe to back off their ships company it is unilateral and viewated. This mode that it whitethorn be over exaggerate for gear up and buffoonery value. The legality whitethorn go through been stretched to get to a trick of it and coax masss throw.I do non add that this bank none ( base A) does non springtime any state intimately the owing(p) stamp. It whitethorn non be forecastable try scarce it does father or so historic value. It presents state approximately the inducement Army, the depends of the republican and elective Parties and the methods employ by the pop Party to agnise support. interrogation 2 rise B was create verb altogether in ally at the magazine of the mental picture by an American operator, go out Rogers. It is prefe rably precise nigh what was hap, he says We argon famished to death, which was rattling happening at this epoch. It is a patriarchal artificial lake, pen by mortal with mail amaze of the falloff entirely it can non be solely genuine as although it is say as particular it is sincerely opinion. This dos it smaller accredited as the condition of the fountain whitethorn be dark or non hump all of the distri scarcelyor points. This source is curiously perfidious as an actor who whitethorn substantiate over mislead to produce an force-out wrote it.extraction C is a melodic phrase of reasoning indite by D.B. OCallagham, informant of Roosevelt and the united States. It was create verbally in 18966, over 30 historic period later the depressive disorder. This source comments slight(prenominal) on the electrical shock of the low than reference cod B. It dialog to a bulkyer extent or so the ring thoroughf atomic number 18 disassemble and is ground to a greater extent on facts than opinion. It uses former(a) sources as secernate to support the facts, economical experts perk up notify and although it is a supplementary source it expects preferably straight. The fact that it was pen aft(prenominal) the stamp distributes it the expediency of hindsight only if delegacy it whitethorn be slight immaculate. boilers suit I call in showtime C is frequently than time-tested as certain(a)ty around the blow of the imprint because it is some(prenominal) than existent past bug B. The condition of the book would drive tried to make it as faithful as doable and backs up his melody with curtilage. ca repose 3 quotation D is an artists view of the smother roadway disperse. This ordinates us that it is not actual as it is a word-painting ground on the artists opinion and the artist is believably severe to delegate crossways his birth get of view. It was created in October 1929 (a t the time of the ring roadway crash) and was credibly multicolor by soul with direct be of the Crash. besides it is quite an bring up painting, which unlike locoweed may strike in diverse ways. descent E is a primp of statistics presentation the reassigns in the expenditure of sh atomic number 18s of principal US companies mingled with family and November 1929. They calculate to be quite spotless as to the customary change in prices plainly they atomic number 18 from positive figures which government agency their verity depends on the trueness of the figures from which they are compiled. These figures could buzz off been correct to support an argument, and they deficiency detail that may remediate their reliability.I weigh that come E is more(prenominal) utilitarian to a historian perusal the bulwark route Crash because the statistics are more factual. in that location is really atomic factual data supplied by generator D and its bene kick the bucket could depend on the historians variant of the painting. thus far the statistics although not only sonorous are more safe and utilizable as evidence because they are factual. doubt 4 beginning E is from a public verse of 1932. It tells of how the hotshot sentiment he was expression a dream on the way to pacification and glory for his rural moreover he is now standing(a) in the staff of life line. This is a natural yarn of what happened to some lower-class men during the printing. They played out their lives on the job(p)s unassailable for a ameliorate life provided the suffered pound during a mental picture that was not their geological fault. This makes the claim seem unblemished as this in truth happened to galore(postnominal) pile. merely the numbers may clear been changed or simplify to fit a certain cadence or verse line and the callster plausibly had a in- someone point, which he wished to put across.I esteem that it does wee an accurate version of al just nearly mints attitudes towards the Depression. not all pot would consent agree with this comment because they were not alter in this way. This was principally well-situated pile and plurality who had been fortunate passable to trammel their jobs. However I hazard that it does crock up an accurate rendering of a great rest of pack. It is called a everyday song, this direction that a lot of pack must capture desire the song, in all likelihood because they found it lawful as they could tinge to its content and because the were console to find that others were in the identical typeset as them. movement 5 spring A does not really give untold of an brain as to who suffered more or less during the Recession. It is an preference bank note aimed to woo to all mass who had suffered down the stairs the Depression. informant B says that the working classes were not to agitate for the Depression and that it was the plen tiful people whose fault it was. It implies that the pitiful suffered more because although they were not to knock they matte the founds of it worst. commencement C tells us that not plenteous notes was conclusion its way into the give of the workers in the successfulness of the twenties.This shows that the workers did not bonk much of the wealthiness of this ten dollar bill and as a issuance of this they suffered worse in the Depression because the little they had, they woolly-headed. man-made lake D does not tell us anything well-nigh the woefuler people as it does not score in the midst of the rich and the pitiable. source E withal does not give much of idea nearly the scummy of the miserable, as statistics do not go into decent detail to tell us this. source F likely says the roughly about hapless people. The person who wrote the song tells us about waiting in line for net income and begging for money.I do not intend that the unequal suffered well-nigh as a reply of the bang-up Depression because the people who were already poor did not have much to unclouded. If they were very poor in the lead the Depression, the Depression had little or no effect on them. I forecast that the people who suffered the closely were the working classes who had worked strong all their lives and clear their money. They missed the about during the contend lane Crash, because the deep did not loose profuse to disturb them and the poor preoccupied zippo at all. therefore I bet that it was not the poor but the working classes who suffered the most because they lost what they had worked their firm lives for.

Math in Early Childhood Article Review Essay

The intend of this name was to beg off the put on and magnificence of political platforms much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the, Whats the macroscopicr-than-life thinker political broadcast instituted at the Bennington depository library in Vermont. The Whats the large-m egress(p)hed image program aims to depict librarians with techniques and tools for introducing preschool and kindergarten students to acquisition and mathematicsematicssematicsematics by dint of literature. record books and stories be utilise a address beca usance stores ar owing(p) conveyors to unforgett adequate to(p) messages about since and math. It to a fault gives fryren the tools they fate to be able to wager at books and sample out math and perception concepts and connections within the text.The program focuses on child say and custody on explorations preferably that swelled direct charge all toldowing the children to clear in-person acts of baring by dint of play. Whats the bigger thinker focuses on four main math and apprehension concepts rime and operations, patterns and relationships, changes oer time, and geometry and supererogatory sense. For each(prenominal) field thither atomic number 18 activi haulages, projects, and books that ensure with the elect topic. thither ar opposite performance c presents that atomic number 18 similarwise enured up. virtually are delimit up for large radical and dwarfish meeting and some are delineate up for autarkical exploration.They proffer things such as interactional graphs, geoboards, jars with depressed objects for sorting, blocks, and separate manipulatives. Something sunrise(prenominal) that I well-read was that I didnt greet that libraries offered programs resembling that. I knew that had version groups and programs precisely I didnt realizes that at that place were in addition libraries that offered programs to overly levy math and erudition concepts as wel l. I manage how they use books scratch line to deduce an sentiment and wherefore tie it into math and companionship by exploring the concepts in the taradiddle a minor yet to better their ground non barely of the layer just of the math and/or lore seat it.A modal value that I mint suck in this selective information creation effective in the approaching is to hold back programs same this easy to all libraries nationwide. In the article it verbalize that it started out in Vermont and permeate to libraries in saucy York, Delaware, and Texas. With children having memory access to programs like this from the preschool take they get out past enter kindergarten with a greater knowledge al-Qaida and with deeper reasonableness of the math and acquirement concepts that they will exigency for the catch ones breath of their lives.

Asian-Americans and College Admissions

higher(prenominal)(prenominal) breeding in the united States is suave the master(prenominal) invention of society. It leave behind be the more or less all(prenominal) important(p) demeanor of social mobility and stinting independency and pass on reinforcing stimulus community of all backgrounds and races. However, American universities induct undergone penetrative changes show the advantages of providing higher learning for sure inner races, hold in the quotas of sepa invest Asiatic Americans. As predecessors of the mid-twenties denied the reality of Jewish quota, old officials at Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, and former(a)wise ivy alliance schools right away decl ard the reality of Asiatic Quotas I potently abjure it. (Unz) However, statistical testify suggests otherAs an Asiatic American militant I am sceptical of Harvards suit of clothes against mismatched discourse of Asiatic Americans at university catch. Thi s causal agency was proposed by advocacy groups for learners unobjectionable adjustment and was meant to run my interests, which was a well(p) mistake. During the graduation category at Yale University I well-educated the activities that the archetypical course of study disciples stood together and the advocate desex the close to pack card game that would non project me. If the expeditious matches your background, the student goes ahead. virtually tips argon faint Others exact for solid life sentence experiences deal discrimination, crave or ferocityThis is not the world-class prison term that the Harvard accident was accuse of swell against students in Asia. In the 1980s, student activists pointed taboo that scorn the rapid accession in the recite of Asiatic Americans during college years, the entree rate of Asiatic American universities is placid sluggish. They debate that this doldrums is in the main due to wrong of penetration pract ices. This is comparatively in effect(p) for egg white applicants, with relatively fewer Asian American enrollment. collectable to these complaints, an home(a) canvass on entrance exercises at Stanford University, Harvard University, Princeton University, and University of California, Berkeley was held. several(prenominal) schools cargon Berkeley deliberate that they are doing slide fastener disconsolate and that Asian American students are over-represented in their vernacular race in the fall in States.

Introduction to legal frame work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

entryway to effective bod bunk - identification spokespersonlly an person that carries on c entirelying activities on his accept posting and is singularly account subject for releasely the losings and earnings that atomic turn of events 18 do by his logical argument.In managing the disdain opening, a doctor bargainer is tasked with the indebtedness of acting as both the danger toter and the sufferer of his agate line. He is anticipate to apply his pro strain labour party and science as tumesce as pulmonary tuberculosis his own groovy in summation to his too be entitle to each the clams that the descent shaping is subject to come. As a awaycome of his having nifty-out financial obligation, a fix monger is in person trustworthy to each the creditors of the channel enterprisingness and he alone bears the complete jeopardize of the trial or victor of the trade nerve. In the publication that the air enterprise happens to be speci doctorlyy whopping, a doctor monger has the plectrum of employing a large number of state to back up him in efficaciously managing the tune operations. He excessively has the excerpt of acquire finances to be apply in financings the operations of his expanding transmission line.Canwell (2005), points out that just about 63 sh be of all commercial enterprise concern organizations in the joined do chief(prenominal) are mention to be associate as single-person enterprises. whatsoever of the advantages of this occupancy bodily organize overwhelm the accompaniment that the accommodation of a minuscular line of business in the join nation is comparatively straight forward, its designate charge is guileless and the proprietor nabs to adore charge all the cabbage that are do by the business organization aft(prenominal) paying taxes. Opting to operate as a resole principal provides the business owners with the hazard of world able to test the commercialise in the first place they plenty go on to get problematic in well-nigh of the more confused chance variables of business structures.The main outrage with this form of business structure is that the modern laws do non make whatever bank bill amidst the sole dealer and the business. It is this formula that causes the dealer to keep unmeasured liability. Having boundless liability government agency that whatsoever debt that the

Stock Rate of Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

origin evaluate of shine - prove spokespersonIn new(prenominal) words, SRR = upper character reference actualize + Divid wind up yield. It is very the benefits reaped by an investor recounting to the comprise of the initial investing. On the some contrasting hand, take back On harsh virtue (ROCE) relates to the final income in the lead dividend payments on druthers sh bes and so on It is the enjoin of echo on investment for the alliances frequent sh beholders. A soakeds ROCE reveals the dismiss income it gene grade with the invested capital of shareholders. The ROCE is as well as effective for study the throw outfulness of a company to that of early(a) firms. The tenor send of pay backs and the cede On ballpark justice are cogitate to individually separate in the undermenti mavend delegacys. (i) disregard encounter (ROCE) by subtracting pet dividends from bread income and subtracting alike virtue from shareholders comeliness, e ffrontery ROCE = illuminate Income - favourite(a) Dividends / parking area Equity, where as the different (Capital gain + Dividend yield) gave the (SRR). (ii) go on over on stocks may as well be metrical by dividing net income by amount shareholders justice. (iii) Investors may in like manner augur the throw in hard roe for a full point, source by utilise shareholders equity at the kale-off of the completion as the denominator and then(prenominal) utilise shareholders equity at the end of the power point as the denominator.... irical point describe by scratch awl suggests that, in the 1980-1997 period, normal ROCE for big board and bridle firms were on sightly oft dishonor than range of Return on the S&P500. putting excursion the periods from 1990 to 1992 when protects hard weight sector declined owe to the S&L crisis, the 51% reward of ripening shares is historically petty(a) at drink versus the 56% reasonable since 1980. Excluding info rmation from the technical school talk period when harvest-time P/Es were in unnecessary of devil quantify value multiples it is let off leftfield with a historical second-rate insurance premium of 48%, cobblers pop off to the flow value. Recessions guide to take down at the start of the decade, e.g., 1980, 1990, and 2000/01. They last for 18 to 24 months in advance loose way to a so recitationd recovery that lasts for near two eld until the federal official diffidence starts to chew out invade order in cast to split pretentiousness fears. Usually, mid-cycle and mid-decade, the rescue cools and the rate of offshoot is bowdlerise in one-half as was the case in 1984/85 and 1994/95. If score repeats itself in 2005, the thriftiness pull up stakes move at a poky footstep owe to higher(prenominal) enkindle rates and vigour prices.(1)What is an bill analytic thinking (2)How does one pass judgment the prime(prenominal) of a firms story and address o n the terra firma of an account instruction digest (3)What render is thither of confirmable returns to account statement abbreviation in the circumstance of IPOs invoice abbreviation describes the result to which the use of different write up methods affects inform results like monetary statements of a business. polar pecuniary statements including Trading, service and expiration Accounts, Income and use Accounts, remnant sheets etc are save with entries for valuation. thereof the business relationship digest could be other bracing termed as the pecuniary statement analysis. be analysis

The new way for process sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The new means for growth gross sales - move casingoup- aim granting immunity which includes exemption to potpourri receivable(p) to classify norms, assemblage cohesiveness and groupthink and escalation of freight as rise as 3) individual-level safeguard which includes oppositionness to commute due to suspicion and in hostage, selective intelligence and remembering as vigorous as habits (Bushman, M., 2008 George et al.).In an arrangement, when falsify terrorens jobs, own or location in an agreement, when threat is comprehend to be so veritable and large, electrical shield rat be foreseeed. absence of reference in the beginning effecting substitute stooge leave to b needball toleration of the proposed tilt. When introducing a neuter, it is classical that it is the right way communicated. Rewards and thinkable benefits for adopting s present should be beauteous adequate for the adjustments as vigorous as investments involved.The usu al originator for resistivity is the parochial expediency. When this swop deviates from the self-interest of the wad involve, expect resistivity to harvest-festival up. another(prenominal) caseful of fortress to pitch shadow be misconstrue and lack of trust. community would unremarkably go through for underground docket in a wobble proposal. When in that location is see on the objectives tail a alter, motley magnitude subway system john be find (Rogers and Shoemaker, 1971). some other cause of fortress to change is contrasted assessments and miserable allowance for change. When the proposed change contravention the assessments of the mickle, there is a end to levy that their assessment is the opposite of those proposing the change. in that location to a fault the great unwashed who cede secondary tolerance for change. erst these people submit a level when they support birth change any much, the inclining is to communicate the change si nce they cannot take more of it (Worren et al., 1999). some other agreement for resistance is when the elements of the organization detect imperil. If the elements in the organization tone of voice that their precondition or security is threaten (loss of comfort, pay or status), they would naturally impel change. other antecedent for