Food and Politics in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food and Politics in Britain - Essay Example The year 1917 marked the worst times for Britain because of scarcity of food brought by bad winter and attack of the food supplies by Germans U-boats. The British government started food rationing to mitigate the food crisis, meat, tea, butter, margarine, sugar were some of the food stuffs rationed by the government. Previously, before food rationing, people had to queue on long queues, which led to frustrations and rioting by the persons especially workers in munitions factories. However, food rationing only took a short time because local communities started taking control of the food supply. Government took control of prices of food supplied by the local community and this led to drops in price. Queues started disappearing and the population had enough food supply (Mason 2004). Mason (2004) explains that because of scarcity of food in Britain during the First World War, they had to depend mostly on the outside world. The author points out that the government depended mostly on the imports and their food is industrialised. The British government import raw and finished food products from other countries. Because of the wars in the early times of the 20th century most of the people in Britain did not care much of the food culture. Only a few of them knew about food culture, however, the currently food culture is viable and in most households food culture is practiced. A small percentage of the British population was fond of meat and potatoes. These combinations were served as meat and two veg. Meat and two veg according to British culture is meat, potatoes and other vegetables served all together. However, industrialization phased out food culture in the late 20th century. Foods such as roasted beef, fruit cake and minced pies were embraced as traditional fo od. British foods served were made in regard to food fashion, health standards and eating habits. Unlike French and Italian food,

Individual case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual - Case Study Example urship and innovation challenges faced by the founder and the co-founder at the initial stages of operation and the strategies adopted by them to expand their business in the international markets (Stokes and  Wilson, 2010, p.65). Jeroen Glabeek and Gilbert Gooijers, the founder and the co-founder were classmates and shared same interest in academics during their college days with the activity of radio broadcasting as a commercial business. Glabeek and Gooijers considered the proposal of their customers to send ringtones and sms to the overseas European markets such as Spain and tying up with the telecom service providers in those countries. In the course of their step towards innovation and entrepreneurship, they also considered their failed venture in the past in Poland. Taking into account the prospects of the international markets, the company considered at the development of software in the mobile phones of the customers all over the world (Kumar, 2008, p.57). In order to attr act customers, they started to make their customers aware of the wide reach of the sms service and the response of the people after reading their sms. The clients of CM were able to send the plan of their activity to their customers and the overwhelming response of the customers led to the increase in sms traffic over the years as shown in Exhibit 1. The increase in the sms traffic and the growth of business reflected in the financial statements of the company. From the time the company started in 2000, the company has moved from a net loss position in 2000 to a net profit position of â‚ ¬1233602 in 2009. The income statement of CM over the years has been given in Exhibit 2. The decision criteria for success and sustainability of CM’s business are the analysis of the entrepreneurial and innovative measures in the business of sms service. The success and sustainability is decided by the impact of measures taken to meet the challenges in the competitive industry, the impact on the

The Study Of Motivation In Sport Physical Education Essay

The Study Of Motivation In Sport Physical Education Essay This reviewed research is on motivation in sport. A variety of definitions and approaches to the study motivation will be discussed. One of the forms of motivation being discussed will be intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivations are very important for promoting satisfaction and long term participation in sport. There are three theoretical approaches to the study of intrinsic motivation: behavioral, cognitive, and motivational. Researchers have found that the intrinsic motivation of athletes seems extremely important for long-term involvement, and fine-tuned performance in sport. Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from outside an individual. The motivating factors are external, or outside, rewards such as money or grades. These rewards provide satisfaction and pleasure that the task itself may not provide. Another form of motivation has to do with gender. Researches have determined that there are motivational differences among male and female sports. Its also been determined that male and female athletes possess different strengths and weaknesses within the motivational climate. Some detailed differences stated were that men had higher levels of motivation in competition, social acknowledgment, strength and endurance, where women had stronger motivation to control weight. The last factor I will cover is cultural effect on motivation. Introduction to your Research Topic Deci, et al. (1999) state that intrinsic motivation can also be enhanced by increasing an individuals perceptions of autonomy and competence. Deci, et al. (1999) also showed that research supported the idea that extrinsic motivations impact on intrinsic motivation was influenced by the controlling nature of those extrinsic rewards. For instance, positive feedback that is not considered controlling would likely add to an individuals perceived competence and have a positive effect on their intrinsic motivation. Vallerand (2000) looks at motivation in a multidimensional manner that encompasses more than the dichotomy of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. He states that motivation for both is on a continuum that ranges from a high to low level of determination and that operates on three distinct levels: global (ones overall general motivation), contextual (in a specific domain or field such as education or sports), and situational (the here and now). At each of these levels individuals can have different motivation levels (both intrinsic and extrinsic). For example, one could be highly intrinsically motivated to participate in sports, but less intrinsically motivated regarding education (contextual). However, if a person is feeling ill or tired, they may not have the same intrinsic motivation to participate in sports activities that day (situational). Extrinsic rewards could be applied to both and impact situational motivation in both the short and long term. For example, that individual might be highly motivated to do well on a test and receive a good grade (extrinsic motivation) so that they can be eligible to play on their sports team (intrinsic motivation). Vallerand (2000) postulates that repeated levels of low levels of situational intrinsic motivation will likely have a diminishing effect on the larger contextual intrinsic motivation. He highlights research done on motivation to play basketball where intrinsic motivational levels were affected by situational motivational levels during tournament games. This research has many implications for organizations and educational situations. While understanding that extrinsic motivation is one of the main drivers of the business world, compensation and other incentive packages need to address their impact on intrinsic motivation and be developed in ways that will reduce the adverse affects or possibly even add to the intrinsic motivational levels. More research on real life situations would be beneficial. Background of the Research Topic Motivation in sports and exercise has been studied over the last century but only in recent decades has motivation by gender been analyzed. studies in the area of motivation by gender in these sports and exercise fields: individual and team sports and exercise, martial arts, basketball, volleyball, track and field, and general sports participation and exercise (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). These results were the most consistent throughout the reports with other similarities and differences noted with each study. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are both adaptable and change in response to specific situations and life occurrences. While not easy to define, intrinsic motivation can be described as an internal drive to perform an activity. While extrinsic motivation is ascribed to an external motivating source that drives action. It is postulated that people attribute their behavior either to an internal or external source. Intrinsic motivation correlates positively to when people attribute their motivation to internal sources, while extrinsic motivation is correlated to belief in an external source for their behavior (Wiersma, U. J., 1992). Extrinsic motivation, by definition, is changeable since it is an external motivator one can change the reward or external source (i.e. amount of money offered to do a job, feedback on performance, etc.). Meta-analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational research by Deci, Koestner and Ryan (1999) found that intrinsic motivation is negatively affected when tangible extrinsic motivation is attached to the behavior. This undermining of intrinsic motivation is postulated to be the result of a perceived decrease in autonomy and competency by the individual receiving the extrinsic reward. Self-determination Theory states that humans have three inherent needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Of these, autonomy and competence are the main drivers of intrinsic motivation (Franken, 2002). Thus we see that intrinsic motivation can be changed by adding an extrinsic motivating component. Motivation is a crucial factor within the sport and exercise field. Understanding what and how motivation works is equally important. Based on these reviews gender also plays a role within the motivational climate. Studies have revealed variations in motivational factors within each gender. In Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, and Li-Kangs journal 87 male and 87 female basketball players from the HBL were selected for the research. Four research questionnaires were used to measure four phenomena: participants goal orientation, the motivational climate they perceived, perceived personal athletic ability, perceived personal sport-related confidence (Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, Li-Kang,2003). Using a t test gender differences were detected. Males tended to record higher scores than females for sports related confidence variables. Males scored higher within ego orientation, perceived ability, and in physical performance. Females tended to score higher in task orientation, perceived task climate, and leadership styles (Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, Li-Kang,2003).   Numerous studies have examined the question of whether there are differences in youth motives across sports, age, gender, and culture and suggest that children or adolescents are subject to the environmental influences in their motivation to participate in certain physical activities. Thus, investigating the diversities in motivation of participation may shed light on the underlying reasons of why children or adolescents take part in various forms of physical activity or sports. Impact on sports Gender: In Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomews study 233 students were studied, 132 women, 101 men. The purpose behind this study was to compare sports participation and exercise motivation through a highly differentiated scale of physical activity. The second objective was to investigate the impact of gender on motivation. This study determined that men were more highly motivated then women when it came to endurance and strength, social recognition, challenge, and most notably competition, where women were more motivated by weight management (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). It was further suggested in this analysis that motivations to engage in sports differed from motivators to engage in exercise. It was also noted that more of the health related motives were linked to exercise opposed to sports participation thus indicating that sports participation are more closely related to intrinsic motives. It was suggested that based on these findings that men leaned more closely to intrinsic m otivation then women. This study further implied that men viewed exercise and fitness opportunities as a means to achieve ego related goals that support their sports participation where as women seemed to enjoy exercise and sports participation equally (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). In Murcia, Gimeno, and Colls study 413 athletes completed a perceived motivational climate in sports questionnaire. The sample was comprised of 322 boys and 91 girls, sports included individual and team sports. This analysis used the MANOVA to analyze the effects of gender, goal orientations, and perception of motivational climate and its flow. The findings showed that males had a stronger ego orientation that more specifically involved punishment for errors then did females. Females were more inclined to identify a motivational climate orientated towards learning (Murcia, Gimeno, and Coll,2008). In Jones, Mackay, and Peters journal 17,463 participants participated in a questionnaire. This analysis differed from the others in this review. It noted no significant gender differences, it also noted that the four most important motivations for both male and females were affiliation, fitness, skill development, and friendship, this opposed to the three least influential motivators which were reward/status, situational, and competition. It also noted that the individuals studied in martial arts were immersed in a holistic approach of the martial art which placed increased value on the underlying philosophy. They further noted that the style of the instructor encompassing teaching/communication style and technical ability is of paramount importance for enhancing student motivation to participate (Jones, Mackay, and Peters, 2006). It is implicated within this research that the similarity in gender motivation may be a result of the philosophies of the teachings. Cultural: cultural differences in psychological meanings for sport have been documented by empirical research. Research in cross-cultural sport psychology, for example, has found group differences in how athletes prioritize achievement motives, team affiliation, and social recognition (e.g., Kolt et.al.; 1999; Rees, Brettschneider, Brandl-Bredenbeck, 1998; Weinberg et.al., 2000). Similarly, a large literature about sport, globalization, and cultural imperialism describes how sport associates with distinct mentalities within particular historical and national contexts (e.g., Guttmann, 1994; MacAloon, 1996; Maguire, 1999; Miller, Lawrence, McKay, Rowe, 2001). findings of previous research Gender In Gillson, Standage, and Skevingtons journal which studied 300 male and 280 female students in their motivation towards exercise. Motivation towards exercise was measured using the behavioral regulation and exercise questionnaire-2. The statistics were calculated separately for males and females, then gender differences were explored using t-tests and x2 tests. Similar to other results in this review weight seemed to be a greater motivation within girls than boys however girls in general were less motivated to exercise then boys. The most common motivation factor for boys were fitness and health and for girls body tone, health, and attractiveness. In this study just like the study of Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005 it was determined that girls were reported to exercise more for extrinsic goals then boys, more specifically when it came to weight control (Gillson, Standage, and Skevington, 2006). Cultural: This study derived from participant-observation with the two mens soccer teams, one sponsored by a private Midwestern university in the United States (referred to as UA) and one associated with a government-sponsored university in Malawi in sub-Saharan Africa (referred to as UM). Because the teams were similar in regards to the relative educational and class status of their members, the two groups varied most clearly by cultural context. Qualitative data was obtained from interviews and observations gathered during two years with the UA team and a year with the UM team. The specific procedures are discussed below after providing necessary context by discussing the participants and settings. Conclusions section It is concluded that it is important for coaches, teachers and parents to stress to young athletes the need to improve skills, teamwork and sportsmanship over the win at all costs attitude. terms/concepts Key words: self-determination, goal orientations, motivational climate, perceived competence References page JAM Murcia,(2008) Relationships among Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate and Flow in Adolescent Athletes: Difference by Gender,The Spanish Journal of Psychology, volume 11, number 1, 181-191. Kilpatrick, Hebert, and Bartholomew, (2005) College Students Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Mens and Womens Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise, Journal of American College Health, volume 54, number2 Gareth W. Jones, Ken S. Mackay, and Derek M. Peters, (2006) Participation Motivation in Martial Artists in the West Midlands Region of England, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine CSSI, 28-34 Dongfang Chie-der, Steve Chen, Chou Hung-yu, and Chi Li-Kang, (2003), Gender Differential in the Goal Setting, Motivation, Perceived Ability, and Confidence Sources of Basketball Players, The Sport Journal ISSN 1543-9518 Gillison, Standage, Skevington, (2006), Relationships among adolescents weight perceptions, exercise goals, exercise motivation, quality of life and leisure-time exercise behavior: a self-determination theory approach, Oxford Journals, Vol. 21, no. 6 Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., and Ryan, R. M., (1999). Meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic reward and intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin (125). Retrieved on August 21, 2003 from EBSCOhost. Franken, R. E., (2002). Human Motivation. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. Vallerand, R. J., (2000). Deci and Ryans Self-Determination Theory: A view from the Hierarchical Model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Wiersma, U. J., (1992). The effects of extrinsic rewards in intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (65). Retrieved on August 21, 2003 from EBSCOhost.

Humanism The Renaissance And M Essays -- essays research papers

Humanism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of the concept of humanism greatly affected the Renaissance. The Humanistic influence shaped Renaissance art, writing, education and thinkers, its ideas were spread among all aspects of life. Machiavelli’s writings during the Renaissance were also affected by the ideas of humanism. His ideas reflect the thoughts of humanism in the way he thought governments and societies should be organized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanism’s influence on art was very obvious, it could be seen slowly infiltrating all art throughout the Renaissance. At the begging of the Renaissance, most art was very dark and dismal. The works portrayed people doing very menial labor, the people did not seem happy and their clothing was very plain. As the Renaissance progressed and humanism’s influence was more felt the paintings used lighter colors, the people in them were smiling and their clothing many times included gold trim or accents. The late Renaissance art also has a larger focus on religion, as humanism inspired people in many forms by the use of religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanism came about with the idea that a person should have a very rounded education covering many aspects of society especially history, geometry, and art. During the renaissance as the ideas of humanism spread, especially in its educational sense, more schools and universities were erected and a much higher percentage of people were forma...

Potential Cognitive and Memory Enhancing Property of the Caulerpa Lentillifera (Lato) & Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Guso).

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale It is true that some of us get more forgetful as we age. It may take longer to learn new things, remember certain words, or find our glasses. These changes are often signs of forgetfulness. Brain scientists believe that the effects of normal aging on memory may result from the subtly changing environment within the brain. With aging, the brain seems to lose cells in areas that produce important neurotransmitters, upsetting the brain’s delicate balance of these chemical messengers. Other changes occur in the brain’s white matter, which is made up of nerve cell fibers, the â€Å"telephone cables† of brain cells through which communication with other cells takes place. Just how these changes affect memory is not entirely clear, but it may be that they decrease the efficiency of cell-to-cell communication. What the scientist knows is as we get older, our capability to lay down fresh memories may be affected, making it more difficult to learn new things. It’s not so much that we forget more easily, but that we may take longer to learn the information in the first place A lot of studies have been made in different substance for its potential property on enhancing memory and cognition. Docosahexaenoic acid is one of them. DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA is believe that it could maintain memory and support overall cognitive health. A carotenoid namely fucoxanthin increase the amount DHA in the biological system without intake of fish oil supplementation. It is also consider that low carotenoid levels could play a role in cognitive impairment. Phytochemicals such as antioxidants polyphenolic compounds flavonoids occur all over in foods of plant origin like fruits and vegetable, carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C have also a possible in improving age-related neurological dysfunction. These substances could also be found in marine algae and other marine organism. DHA is mostly found in the fish oil but the DHA originates from the photosynthetic and heterotrophic microalgae and macroalgae that the fish ate and other marine creature. Phytochemical such as flavonoids is found also in algae. Knowing about this there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Eating seaweeds could have its benefits. It is time to get to know the seaweeds known in the Filipino tables which are Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot although everyone calls it a ‘seaweed', â€Å"lukot† is anything but a the ‘secretions' of the creature dongsul/Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and it is not an algae but it eats algae. With all this information there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Thus this study is to be conducted. A. kappaphycus alvarezii (Guso)B. Caulerpa lentillifera (Lato) www. ruffordsmallgrants. orgwww. backpackingphilippines. com C. Egg mass of Sea Hare (Dolabella auriculari) (Lukot) www. marketmanila. com Fig. 1 A, B, C: Seaweeds and Egg Mass Used in the Experiments Objective of the Study This study aims to determine the memory and cognitive enhancing properties of Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on mature albino mice. 1. To determine the average time at which the mice were able to complete the task after the allotted period for the consumption of the pigeon pellets, Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). 2. To compare which of the treatment Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and â€Å"lukot† egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) have more cognitive and memory enhancing property. Significance of the Study The importance of the study is to help us reveal the potential cognitive and memory enhancing property of the Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso). Once its memory-cognition enhancing property is determine, this study promotes the consumption of edible eaweeds and other marine creatures to be part of the diet of average Filipino citizen like the Japanese people. Incorporating it through our daily meals could be use as a preventive measure away from dementia, Alzheimer’s and other memory-cognitive decline diseases. Moreover this study will present additional information to the other researchers with their studies in improving the memory & cognition and those researchers doing investigation & experimentation on Caulerpa le ntillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso)and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). Scope and Limitation The study only focuses on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and its cognitive-memory enhancing property. The seaweeds and the egg mass will be purchased in Carbon Public Market. The experimentation will takes place in University of San Carlos- Animal House, Pharmacological Testing Room where there is sufficient air, light and ventilation and the testing period will take 20 days. The mature albino white mice will be coming from one single source and will weigh 25-30grams. The method will be use in measuring memory and cognition will be Morris Water Maze. The time that the rat reaches the platform is used as the basis of analysis on the memory-cognitive enhancing property. This study only provide information on the effectiveness of the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on their cognitive-memory enhancing property. Definition of Terms Cognition- A term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid )-An omega-3, polyunsaturated, 22-carbon fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine animal oils. Latency- The amount of time a message takes to traverse a system. Memory- Refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage and retrieval. Non-sequential- Not in logical order or sequence. Spatial- With reference to space or arrangement in space. Quasi-random- A low-discrepancy sequence. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE One of the memory & cognition decline is caused by oxidative stress and epigenetic changes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that progressive oxidative damage is a conserved, central mechanism of age-related functional decline moreover; genes that mediate oxidative stress responses and DNA damage repair constitute the largest class of genes up regulated in the ageing human prefrontal cortex. Dietary antioxidants can suppress many age-related gene expressions and can reduce cognitive decline and prevent oxidative damage to the brain in ageing rats (Bishop et al. , 2010). Eating food rich in phytochemicals improves the aged-related neurological dysfunction including the most devastating of these, are Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and Parkinson’s disease [PD]. Phytochemicals such as consumption of dietary antioxidants polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetable), Carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C (Youdim and Joseph, 2001) A study was done showing the relationship between cognitive performance (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol Substitution, Finger Tapping Test, and Word Fluency Test) and different plasma carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, a-carotene, and trans-bcarotene and cis-b-carotene) in a healthy elderly population. Logistic regression showed that participants with the lowest cognitive functioning (25th percentile) had a higher probability of having low levels of specific plasma carotenoids (,1st quartile): lycopene and zeaxanthin. This shows that Low carotenoid level in the blood could be the cause of cognitive impairment. (Akbaraly, et al. 2007). Fucoxanthum a carotenoid extracted in macroalgae by using of powdered seaweed (Undaria Pinnatifida) with chloroform/methanol (2:1) v/v. Undaria lipids containing the Fucoxanthin 9. 6% was obtained from the powdered seaweed while 78% from the crude. Fucoxanthin also enhances the amount of DHA in the liver. This shows the chance of dietary fucoxanthin stimulated increase DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in biological system without direct DHA supplementation. DHA is naturally originate in the body in small amounts, and is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA oil is abundant in some marine microalgae (Miyashita, et al. 2008). A Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging and with Alzheimer’s disease. The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of premature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on behavior and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites. In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correlate with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Altern Med Rev, 2007). Twenty weaning Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either with a diet that was adequate in LNA (n-3 Adq) or with a diet that was deficient in LNA (n-3 Def). In the MWM test, the escape latency of both groups gradually decreased over the testing period, indicating an improvement in performance for both groups. In general, the n-3 Adq group had shorter late ncies to locate the escape platform than the n-3-Def rats (P

A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun Essay

In the article â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun,† the author, Linda M. Hasselstrom, has a credible argument for carrying a gun. Hasselstrom has a solid ethical appeal and her argument had logic based on her many dangerous personal experiences. Although her argument is credible, she uses many fallacies to make it seem that if women have a gun they can protect themselves from men. Ms. Hasselstrom has ethical appeal because she used credible personal situations to support her authority to possess a gun. Because she was such a peace-loving woman, carrying a gun would be a fallacy. Her cause and effects gave this article logical appeal on the subject of carrying guns for safety purposes. Although she establishes good logical appeal, she failed to include statistics that could have made her argument more credible. Despite Hasselstrom’s characteristics of being a peace-loving, caring woman, a series of unfortunate dangerous situations caused her to feel the need to protect herself. She states in the article â€Å"I am a peace-loving woman. But several events in the past ten years have convinced me I’m safer when I carry a pistol. † Although she feels that a firearm may be a security blanket for her, she struggles with the thought of possessing one. Before she eventually purchased a gun and obtained a license, she had taken some action to prevent this from happening. One action that she took to prevent from having to purchase a firearm was taking a kung fu class, which teaches self defense when someone enters your space without permission; another was to carry spray deodorant acting as mace. She had the most difficultly convincing herself mentally that she could shoot a person. The sense of safety made her sometimes doubt her ability to ever shoot a person. The article states that â€Å"she was against firearms, and local police told us that mace was illegal. † Although she did not like the thought of possessing a firearm, she felt as if it was her last resort. Throughout Hasselstrom’s many dangerous personal life threatening situations and her need to feel safe had emotional appeal, especially to women. The threat of realizing that locking her windows and car doors and avoiding places that are known as dangerous, was not providing her the safety she needed. She then practiced shooting a gun and made it legal by purchasing a license. Although she sates in the article, â€Å"just carrying a pistol is not protection; avoidance is still the best approach to trouble,† she usually put herself in these life threatening situations. All through her many dangerous situations, her main fear seemed to be of men. Hasselstrom’s goal of reaching the feeling of safety was met. She had many personal experiences that made her argument ethical and logical. Although after reflecting on the men that caused such fear in her life, she began to look at her situations from a different point of view. She states that â€Å"A pistol is not the only way to avoid being raped or murdered in today’s world, but, intelligently wielded, it can shift the balance of power and provide a measure of safety. † Although she does not enjoy the thought of possessing a firearm she has realized that it is a measure of safety that she needs.

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland The Picts were an amalgam of tribes who lived in the eastern and northeastern regions of  Scotland during the ancient and early medieval period, merging into other peoples around the tenth century. Origins The origins of the Picts are hotly are disputed: one theory claims they were formed of tribes who predated the arrival of the Celts in  Britain, but other analysts suggest that they may have been a branch of the Celts. The coalescence of the tribes into the Picts may well have been a reaction to the Roman occupation of Britain. Language is equally controversial, as there’s no agreement on whether they spoke a variant of Celtic or something older. Their first written mention was by the Roman orator Eumenius in 297 CE, who mentioned them attacking Hadrian’s Wall. The differences between Picts and Britons are also disputed, with some works highlighting their similarities, others their differences; however, by the eighth century, the two were thought to be different from their neighbors. Pictland and Scotland The Picts and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Romans had a relationship of frequent warfare, and this didn’t change much with their neighbors after the Romans withdrew from Britain. By the seventh century, the Pictish tribes had merged together into a region named, by others, as ‘Pictland’, albeit with a varying number of sub-kingdoms. They sometimes conquered and ruled neighboring kingdoms, such as Dl Riada. During this period a sense of ‘Pictishness’ may have emerged among the people, a sense that they were different from their older neighbors that werent there before. By this stage Christianity had reached the Picts and conversions had occurred; there was a monastery at Portmahomack in Tarbat during the seventh to early ninth centuries. In 843 the King of the Scots, Cà ­naed mac Ailpà ­n (Kenneth I MacAlpin), also became King of the Picts, and shortly after the two regions together into one kingdom called Alba, from which Scotland developed. The peoples of these land s merged together to become Scots. Painted People and Art It is not known what the Picts called themselves. Instead, there is a name which may be derived from the Latin picti, which means ‘painted’. Other pieces of evidence, like the Irish name for the Picts, ‘Cruithne’, which also means ‘painted’ leads us to believe that the Picts practiced body painting, if not actual tattooing. The Picts had a distinct artistic style that remains in carvings and metalwork. Professor Martin Carver has been quoted in The Independent as saying: â€Å"They were the most extraordinary artists. They could draw a wolf, a salmon, an eagle on a piece of stone with a single line and produce a beautiful naturalistic drawing. Nothing as good as this is found between Portmahomack and Rome. Even the Anglo-Saxons didnt do stone-carving, as well as the Picts, did. Not until the post-Renaissance were people able to get across the character of animals just like that.†

Destijl movement Utopian values essays

Destijl movement Utopian values essays The De Stijl Movement of the early twentieth century was founded in 1917 by Theo Van Doesburg. Initially established as a journal, he brought together a group of artists, architects, sculptors, designers and writers who collectively published the first issue of the journal entitled, De Stijl (the style). By publishing this they hoped to create a dais for the voice of the modern world and the avant-garde. As this new form of art was emerging Van Doesburg realised that the work had to be accompanied by a literary commentary, almost having to defend their innovations and theories. It was hoped that in printing such a journal they were developing a new public awareness of what was considered beautiful and so making them more open to modern art. The De Stijl believed art was capable of leading mankind toward a brighter future, a new and revolutionary utopia. By looking at the work of three of the most prominent members, Theo Van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian and Gerrit Rietveld, we can see how their cumulative utopian ideals manifested through their individual projects. Universal harmony was the focus of the De Stijl. Art had a new mission. It preceded life and showed the way to the realisation of universal harmony. They wanted to bring mankind to light and purity that would spill to every facet of life, including politics, music, architecture and theatre. The De Stijl members believed that this universal enlightenment and harmony was obscured by the individualism and irrelevancies of life. In their search for these truths they sought to reveal them through the creation of a new model. They tried to achieve this in their collective projects through the use of the most direct and elemental means, namely: primary colours, considered to be the only true colours; strong verticals and horizontals, representing male and female opposing forces; and, asymmetrical compositions. By breaking down the organic representation and reducin...

Buy vs Renting Research Paper

Buy vs Renting Research Paper Housing Decision: Should we rent or own a house Sugandha Amatya Narayan Deshar Rajesh Maharjan Suman Shrestha Bibek Tulachan Table Of Content (Jump to) Background Should Mr. X stay in a rented house or buy a house? Calculation of Rent Calculation of Cost of Buying House Calculation of Value Appreciation of Property Analysis of Gain or (Loss) between Staying in Rented House or Buying a House Conclusion    Background The Decision Problem The home ownership analysis to follow is intended to represent as realistically as possible as 2014 current market conditions in the areas two core cities of Kathmandu: – Jahmsikhel and Harisiddhi where the price is relatively low comparing to the first one. A quick survey/sampling of property in several housing areas in Jahmsikhel indicated that a house with market value of Rs 3.1 corer could be rented for approximately Rs 60,000 per month and the house with the market value of Rs 1.01corer in Harisiddhi could be rented for appro ximately for Rs 20,000 per month. Assuming that, there are two couples, each with Rs 40,000 per month. All two have the same gross income in salary and the filing status for income tax purposes. The first couple, designated as Owners,† purchases a home. The second couple, Renters†, decides to rent. The home buyers (Owners and Capita lists) are married and file joint returns. (Their income will be itemized later.) The market costs of their houses at Jhamsikhel is 3.1 corer and in Harisiddhi its 1.09 corer. (For tax purposes in Jhamsikhel Rs 75000 per year and for Harisiddhi it is allocated Rs 18,750 per month for the building.) In addition to that for the building insurance for Jhamsikhel @ 0.12% Rs 1500 per month and Rs 750 per month, Rs 5000 per month at Jhamsikhel and Rs 2000 per month at Harisiddhi, for maintenance cost at Jhamsikhel Rs 3000 per month and at Harisiddhi Rs 1000 per month is allocated. The Renters invest their Rs 20,000 in a money fund that yields 6% yearly. They reinvest the interest income into the fund each year. In the initial year, the Renters pay rent of same amount which is not changed of Rs 20,000. Throughout the 20-year period of the analysis, all variables increase annually at the 6% annual inflation rate. These variables include the couples’ salaries, loan service charge, and loan processing charge, property valuation charge, and mortgage loan payment, building insurance premium, maintenance cost, electricity, water and other utilities costs, depreciation on building, property tax and rental expenses. When discounting after-tax cash flows, we use a 6% interest rate that represents these couples’ market interest rate under inflation. Research Methodology: Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. Methodologyis the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is Research Methodology. Research Objectives: The main objectives of conducting the following research are as follows:

Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of Research Paper

Architectural design of Taj Mahal from scratch to the completion of the structure - Research Paper Example It is through studying that I will be able to reach my dreams and as a result I endeavour to finish my degree program by 2014. By the time of my graduation, I am expecting to have acquired sufficient knowledge and skills which would form a basis for the practical experience and future practice in architecture. My further achievement in education will be made possible through the Msc that I plan to pursue in The University of Sharjah, UAE. The masters program will give me more in depth knowledge and skills and thus sufficient qualification for a professional architectural practice. After the masters program, I plan to work at Sharjah for one year so that I would gain an experience in architecture to prepare for my active working career. Since Sharjah is composed of experts in architecture, I will be able to acquire consultative learning and working experience in addition to getting mentorship in architecture. After the Sharjah experience, I plan to travel back to Nigeria where I will work in my uncle’s firm as an architect. The working experience in Nigeria will mark the beginning of the development of my architectural career. I plan to apply my knowledge in architecture and use the best of my abilities so that I will develop myself into a famous architect within Nigeria and beyond. Most importantly I am focused, motivated and determined to follow my dream and plan until I reach the peak of my career. Introduction The Taj Mahal is a perplexing architectural creation which made me to appreciate architecture and thus aroused my interest and motivation in becoming an architect. The mausoleum which was designed by Emperor Shah Jahan and the complexities involved in the whole process of building this amazing structure is the focus of my research. Therefore, this... This research will begin with the description of the Construction of the Taj Mahal. The construction of Taj Mahal was orchestrated by its chief architect Shah Jahan. According to Beddow, the imagination and creativity that Shah Jahan put into the architecture of the mausoleum has made it to be categorized as the most monumental structure for all time. Through the design of the building, Jahan was enabled to create the purest tomb for his dead wife. Ahmed points out that the building of Taj Mahal was initiated by Shah Jahan who recruited the very best builders and craftsmen within the empire. Additionally, the mausoleum was built using the best and finest of the building material. The emperor who was the mastermind of Taj Mahal building ensured that precious marble stone was used in the construction of the building. These stones had not been used in any construction before and the builders who acted as agents of the emperor’s designs did their best to make the building the most unique and wonderful structure ever built in India and beyond. According to Hand the architecture of the Taj Mahal as designed by Shah Jahan was highly regarded within his empire and has received international recognition over the years. The Islamic society considered architectural expression as the most attributable quality of a ruler. Through his architectural work, it can be argued that Jahan expressed his status as the ruler of the empire because his abilities in designing the building were extraordinary and unique.

English as a Global Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

English as a Global Language - Essay Example This essay stresses that English is the most widely spoken language around the world and hence it makes it much easier to have it as a Global language. Other languages around the world are spoken by a very minuscule section of the population when compared to the whole world. A human being is perfectly capable of speaking more than one language and it is possible to keep local languages alive. Hence, learning English as an extra language would prove to be more a boon than a bane because it would ensure great progress. The advantages of global languages by far outweigh the disadvantages of having a global language. This paper makes a conclusion that people who do not know English are at a great disadvantage because they would not be in a position to communicate outside their home country and hence progress would be very slow. Migrating abroad or touring would not be fun and interesting if they do not have English as their Global language. English is a much easier language to learn in comparison to other world languages because it is simple and with easy to understand system of phonetics. The pronunciation and meanings of words are much easier to grasp which makes communication all the more easy. Other languages have a very complicated system of alphabets and phonetics and the pronunciation and meanings of words are not easily understandable. For this reason English is considered to be the most suitable language for use globally.

The Five Dysfunctions of a Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Five Dysfunctions of a Team - Essay Example Decision Tech’s employs too could not work together efficiently, they could not create their own magnetism because ‘†¦ few key employees below the executive level unexpectedly left the company. Morale deteriorated†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ if this technological company had learnt the attributes of team work, they needed not to have depended on Jeff Shanley leadership ‘.. Someone had to be accountable for the mess, and Jeff was the man at the top.’ The big attribute of team work revolves around cheering and bolstering their leader, this lacked in this firm instead Decision Tech developed a reputation within the valley for being one of the most political and unpleasant places to work. Question two: Review the information on the establishment of team â€Å"Norms† during the forming and norming stages of team development in your text on pages 498 -501. What behavioral norms had been established by the executive team at Decision Tech before Kathryn took over? How did these norms help or hurt the company’s performance? Dependence and superficiality: There was little interaction which was formal or guarded, in establishing clarity of purpose, norms, procedures and expectations thus cohesive unit could not be created. The more employees interact together the more they develop a common behavior. This lacked in Decision tech’s capacity leading to a poor performance There was a lot of cooperativeness and heightened interpersonal attraction‘†¦ it had the most experienced – and expensive- executive team imaginable†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this helped it a lot to attract even the ‘†¦cautious venture ï ¬ rms†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ who were ‘†¦ lining up to invest, and talented engineers were submitting their rà ©sumà ©s before the company had leased even an office.’ The firms employees conformed to standards and expectations for high achievement leading to ‘†¦a seemingly indestructible business plan and more top-tier

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example From the start of its operation, the business organization has recognized that importance of their workforce in the attainment of their organizational goals. As one of their executives put it, â€Å"employees are at the heart of our results† (Newing 2007). In order to pursue employee excellence, the company commits its resources in ensuring the continuous communication between leaders and their staff. American Express strongly believes that it can uphold its tradition of excellence by enabling the staff to learn from the experience of their leaders. Thus, training programs include pairing up a newly hired staff to their business managers who will not only gear him with the skills that he needs in order to fulfill his tasks but will also oversee his growth and development within the organization. Aside from this, the company has also established larger group forums which invite employees to hone their skills. Higher level managers are often responsible in leading these groups. It should also be noted that even managers from another line of business participate in these activities. American Express also employs mentors which are usually executives in another line of business. Staffs are benefit from this coach as he â€Å"provides a strategic perspective on the organization and long-term support through their careers.† The company’s leaders have been active on this noting that constant communication between them and the staff will not only equip employees with the necessary skills but will help the business organization in the fulfillment of its goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. In order to gain feedback in the efficiency of these programs, American Express conducts an anonymous annual survey. The company’s programs appear to be successful indicated by the high participation rate of employees. The business arena has evolved pressuring business organizations to treat their employees as significant resources which

Western and Chinese landscape painting Research Paper

Western and Chinese landscape painting - Research Paper Example The essay "Western and Chinese landscape painting" compares Western landscape painting with Chinese landscape painting. Most of these landscapes do exist up to now because they were and are still being used as archeological sites. Although landscape painting is believed to have been practiced all over the world, it is the Western and Chinese landscape paintings that are more predominant in archeological sites and art galleries that focus on landscape painting. Western and Chinese cultures depict a wide range of landscape painting. In most paintings, the background always contains a physical feature. In China, this is always accompanied with a waterfall or a mountain while in the West it is accompanied by rivers and lakes . To discus more about Western and Chinese landscape paintings, we will use landscape painting (1), Poet on a Mountain c. 1500 by Shen Zhou, to represent Chinese culture, as well as landscape painting (2), Poppies Blooming by Claude Monet to represent the Western cul ture. In Chinese culture, landscape painting was inspired by philosophy, represented by pure landscape and devoid of human life. Most of the landscapes were based on imaginary sceneries, such as mountain, but there was a common problem in bridging the gap between the foreground and background, or objects in far range. To solve this problem, most Chinese painters used a dead ground or the use of mist. However, in Chinese culture, there was a slight difference between the East and West Asia in the landscape paints.; in West Asia there was the classification of art according to its prestige and cultural value. This practice was known as hierarchy of genres while in East Asia the form of mountain-water ink was the most common and valued form of landscape art. East Asia dealt with imaginary landscape while the West painters dealt with history painting. With time, they required landscape painting and a poem inscribed on the painting with the use of figures to make landscape look more reli gious. A good example is one of the Chinese masterpieces by Shen Zhou which combined the painting and the poem as a religious saying: â€Å"White clouds encircle the mountain waist like a sash. Stone steps mount high into the void where the narrow path leads far. Alone, leaning on my rustic staff I gaze idly into the distance. My longing for the notes of a flute is answered in the murmurings of the gorge5." In Western culture, landscape painting philosophies were based on religious practices and carried significant spiritual weight. Also in the Western culture, artists tried to make the landscape art as real as possible6. In Chinese culture, their landscape painting aesthetics involved a lot of white or blank space, which allowed the observer to fill the void with his or her own imagination enabling different viewers to have different view of the painting, as this will depend on what or how they decided to fill the void. In addition, the Chinese landscape painting allowed the viewe r to focus on a particular image, as most of the paintings were usually blank, as in filled with mist or fog, to scrap the unwanted information, and with focused imagination allowed the observer to express his or her fillings to the image easily. In Western culture, landscape painting aesthetics included all the details that a naked eye could see when looking at a scene and this was to help the viewer to feel as if he or she was present t

The life of an international student Research Paper

The life of an international student - Research Paper Example The basic reason as to why most people become international students is that the education standards in their home countries do not meet their needs. As a result, these students opt to learn in other countries whose education matches their expectations. However, in most cases, it is not easy to settle down in a foreign country as an international student. For some, the change is too overwhelming and they may opt to go back home, while others persevere and work towards achieving their goals and dreams. Luckily, some countries like the United States and Canada have programs in their universities and colleges that help international students cope with the new life. The life of an international student The transformation that an international student undergoes once they move to a foreign country cannot be understated. In most cases, being an international student means leaving your family and friends behind and adjusting to a completely new lifestyle. One is forced to learn a new languag e, learn the culture of the people, adjust to their schooling system and basically learn how to live in a new country. Before getting used to these changes, most international students feel like aliens, thus preferring to keep to themselves as they assess the people around them. With time, however, they start looking for other international student from their home countries so that the latter can help them adjust. ... Differences between the United States and the Saudi Arabian systems of education One of the challenges that international students face is the difference in education systems between their home countries and their host countries. For example, the education system of the United States differs from that of Saudi Arabia in a number of ways. One of the differences, for example, is in regard to the conduct of students in class. At the beginning, I was always the quite type in class because that is the culture of Saudi Arabian classrooms. The students in Saudi Arabian classes do not speak much but in America classrooms, the story is different as students are very opinionated. They also challenge the teachers directly in case they do not agree with what the teacher says. In addition, whereas Saudi Arabians are very disciplined in class, in terms of modes of dressing and behavior, American students have a lot of freedom. For example, students come to class in casual clothes and some even tak e snacks and sleep in class. Additionally, being from Saudi Arabia, I was accustomed to official dressing while attending class, and a lot of discipline during sessions. I, therefore, always felt odd when I went to class dressed formally and almost everyone else was in casual wear. Although I have tried to adapt to the American classroom culture, is still find myself being formal in dressing as I attend class and reserving some of my opinions during lectures. In addition to the classroom setting, I was also confused at the beginning because the American system seems to place so much emphasis on education and leaves little space for socialization. Here in the United States, one is expected to either be in class, in a study group, doing research, or participating in

Western and Chinese landscape painting Research Paper

Western and Chinese landscape painting - Research Paper Example The essay "Western and Chinese landscape painting" compares Western landscape painting with Chinese landscape painting. Most of these landscapes do exist up to now because they were and are still being used as archeological sites. Although landscape painting is believed to have been practiced all over the world, it is the Western and Chinese landscape paintings that are more predominant in archeological sites and art galleries that focus on landscape painting. Western and Chinese cultures depict a wide range of landscape painting. In most paintings, the background always contains a physical feature. In China, this is always accompanied with a waterfall or a mountain while in the West it is accompanied by rivers and lakes . To discus more about Western and Chinese landscape paintings, we will use landscape painting (1), Poet on a Mountain c. 1500 by Shen Zhou, to represent Chinese culture, as well as landscape painting (2), Poppies Blooming by Claude Monet to represent the Western cul ture. In Chinese culture, landscape painting was inspired by philosophy, represented by pure landscape and devoid of human life. Most of the landscapes were based on imaginary sceneries, such as mountain, but there was a common problem in bridging the gap between the foreground and background, or objects in far range. To solve this problem, most Chinese painters used a dead ground or the use of mist. However, in Chinese culture, there was a slight difference between the East and West Asia in the landscape paints.; in West Asia there was the classification of art according to its prestige and cultural value. This practice was known as hierarchy of genres while in East Asia the form of mountain-water ink was the most common and valued form of landscape art. East Asia dealt with imaginary landscape while the West painters dealt with history painting. With time, they required landscape painting and a poem inscribed on the painting with the use of figures to make landscape look more reli gious. A good example is one of the Chinese masterpieces by Shen Zhou which combined the painting and the poem as a religious saying: â€Å"White clouds encircle the mountain waist like a sash. Stone steps mount high into the void where the narrow path leads far. Alone, leaning on my rustic staff I gaze idly into the distance. My longing for the notes of a flute is answered in the murmurings of the gorge5." In Western culture, landscape painting philosophies were based on religious practices and carried significant spiritual weight. Also in the Western culture, artists tried to make the landscape art as real as possible6. In Chinese culture, their landscape painting aesthetics involved a lot of white or blank space, which allowed the observer to fill the void with his or her own imagination enabling different viewers to have different view of the painting, as this will depend on what or how they decided to fill the void. In addition, the Chinese landscape painting allowed the viewe r to focus on a particular image, as most of the paintings were usually blank, as in filled with mist or fog, to scrap the unwanted information, and with focused imagination allowed the observer to express his or her fillings to the image easily. In Western culture, landscape painting aesthetics included all the details that a naked eye could see when looking at a scene and this was to help the viewer to feel as if he or she was present t

Effects of television Essay Example for Free

Effects of television Essay Television may be one way to educate children but alongside of it is something that is very hazardous especially to toddlers. Letting your children watch cartoons such as Dora the Explorer, Sesame Street and the likes is both beneficial and dangerous. At some point there are things that need to be addressed by the parent when their children are watching television on their own. For parents whose child is under 2 years of age, letting their kids watch television for the entire day would be very harmful. One way to prevent any untoward things to happen at a young age is to limit their viewing hours. The Baby Center Medical Board Advisory wrote in their website: Since your child is under age 2, its best to keep TV-watching to a bare minimum. If you choose to allow some television, break it up into 15-minute increments. Much more than that and your toddlers brain can shift to autopilot. Do away with letting your children watch television program of their choice as it may have violent scenes. Researchers have found that when a toddler watches those kinds of programs, it is likely that they will, sooner or later, imitates the scene or they will display an aggressive behavior. Also, letting children watch television all day would give them less time to read books, exercise, play outdoors and make friends in the neighborhood. If a child owns a video game console, there is a big chance that they will be hard to discipline. Parents will have to deal with calling their kids for dinner time and get no response since they are busy with whatever game they are playing. The promotions of different kinds of alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, and illicit drugs are also harmful to children who watch television all day. Such kind of promotion makes the child think that using these products is good for everyone. Additionally, the meaning and ideals conveyed in any television program may give children a different understanding of things that will eventually influence the way they think and the kind of behavior that they will exhibit. A concern raised by the American Academy of Pediatrics says that, children are being subjected to much sexual imagery in the likes of music videos, television programs, and the advertisements. On the other hand, there are things that can be taught while watching television such as good moral values, following proper diet, other learning such as speaking, reading, appreciation of arts and many others. Parents should actually guide their children when watching television. They should be able to explain to their children what is happening in the scene or if the scene is not appropriate for them. Also, having parents watch television with their children is one way of bonding. There is a way where parents can restrict the shows that can be seen by the children through the help of the V-chip. V-chip is a device use to block programs that are not suitable for children in a specific age bracket. Setting the viewing time limit of a child can contribute much to their growth. A practice such as letting children watch television program only after finishing their homework is one of the ways where they can be limited to watching or playing video games. More, watching television is risky for children since they tend to become obese. A study presented by Harvard Medical School student, Sonia Miller, shows that the more a child sits in front of the television set, the more tendency of eating unhealthy foods and taking in too much sugar. The study showed that for each additional hour of TV viewing per day, the children consumed 0. 06 additional servings per day of sugar-sweetened beverages, 0. 32 additional servings per week of fast food and a total of 48. 7 additional calories per day, after adjusting for age, sex, maternal socio-demographics, race, body mass index, breastfeeding duration and sleep duration. Moreover, the more additional hours a child spent in front of the boob tube means that they have taken a number of fruits or vegetables that is required for their daily intake. However, Miller said that obesity and television watching is in any way not the same. â€Å"Watching television all day and doing nothing physical is not a cause for a child to be obese at an early age, but still the researchers are working out on the said matter† (Lepage-Monette, 2007). However, for a working mother, she cannot just contain her children to watch programs that she intends to watch. In a confession made by a working mother, she said that in order to have things done, she sometimes needs to turn on the television to catch the attention of her children and leave her with whatever work she has to do. The use of television in school is, on the other hand, one way to get the attention of a child especially those in their kindergarten. With the use of different educational DVDs, students become more interested in learning things. Using videos that have subjects like biology and history captures the interest of a student since they tend to understand more the lesson given that they are able to see it for themselves. In biology, the teacher can let their students watch a certain episode on National Geographic or Discovery channel that is in reference to their upcoming lesson. In the Philippines, there are television programs that are intended to be used as an instructional media to students. There are programs for enriching the knowledge of students in Mathematics, Science, English, History and Literature and the Arts. For over 4 years, the Philippine government has agreed to use these media in order to teach students. Both private and public schools in the Philippines use the said media to let their students further understand the lesson. Personally, the use of instructional media like that in the Philippines is very beneficial to students. It does not expose the student to a long time of television viewing yet it helps them understand their respective lessons with the help of the videos. Letting students read thick books is something that they will not do and will only give them the idea of having an A-list classmate do the work and in the end; the student does not learn anything. Whereas, with showing video clips or documentaries, they tend to be more attracted to the lesson and will later on research on things that is in accordance to what they saw and learn a thing or two from it. It is not bad to let children watch television programs, only there should be proper guidance from elders. And these elders should be able to explain if the scene is really intended for students at a particular age or not. References BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board (2006, October). TV-watching guidelines for toddlers Milton Chen, Ph. D. (1994). The Smart Parents Guide to Kids TV. KQED Books. Hanna D Margeirsdottir; Jakob R Larsen; Cathrine Brunborg; Leiv Sandvik; et al (2007, June). Strong Association Between Time Watching Television and Blood Glucose Control. Diabetes Care. pg. 1567.

Distinguishing Whether Virtue Is Knowledge

Distinguishing Whether Virtue Is Knowledge Plato presents Socrates views on the question whether virtue is knowledge and whether it can be taught in several dialogues, most notably in Meno. In this dialogue, Socrates makes many different arguments on the subject of virtue. These arguments include how virtue is defined and whether or not people can acquire it. He examines the ways that virtue can be attained; whether or not one is born being virtuous, whether virtue can be taught or it is another factor for virtues people have. In this essay I will focus on the question of whether virtue can be taught. Platos answer is that virtue cannot be taught. In this essay I will suggest that Plato could have framed the questions a bit differently, which would have probably given him a different answer. In particular I will argue that Plato might have done better to ask whether virtue could be learned instead of asking whether virtue can be taught. The Meno begins with Meno asking Socrates whether virtue can be taught. The argument then is drifted then to another question, what is knowledge. Then Meno proposed an interesting paradox: one can never find out anything new: either one knows it already, in which case there is no need to find it out, or else one does not, and in that case there is no means of recognizing it when found (Plato 1997, 80d-e.). In other words if one does not already know what arà ªte (virtue) is, he cant even search for it, because if he does not know what it is already, then even h he searches, he wont be able to know when one has found it. Socrates suggests a way to solve this dilemma which is based on the Pythagorean view of the immortal soul. According to that notion, the soul, after the physical body dies, is reincarnated and thus never destroyed. If one can never acquire any new knowledge and at the same time it is obvious we are always learning new things, then it is be concluded that learning mus t be a matter of recollection of past life experiences and knowledge. In other words there is no such thing as teaching, but only remembering. In the Meno he demonstrated with a young slave boy who apparently didnt have any knowledge of geometry. By asking the young boy questions he managed to show that the boy had knowledge of certain mathematical theorems. Meno asks again his original question, that is whether one can be taught virtue, or one gets virtue by nature or in some other way. Socrates consents to proceed but argues that they need a common ground due to the fact that neither of them can say at this point what virtue is. Then Meno is made agree that if virtue is not knowledge then it cannot be taught, and if a knowledge then it can be taught. He points out that one can teach something only if one knows what it is that he is teaching. Someone who does not know himself how to drive a car seems unlikely to be able to teach someone else how to. Socrates and Meno much agree that there is no one that truly knows what is meant by virtue and because of this reason cannot be taught. According to Socrates, If virtue could be taught, we should be able to know not only those who teach it but also those who learn from them, which in truth we cannot easily do (Plato 1997,HYPERLINK http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=plat.+meno+96c 96c). Socrates claims that teachers for horsemanship, medicine, etc. exist and everybody recognizes these as genuine teachers, whereas people dont agree about whether the Sophists really do teach virtue. Socrates goes one to speak of Thucydides, who had two sons, neither of which was considered to be virtuous. However, it is said that Thucydides educated his children in many different disciplines, but it seems that he could not find a teacher of virtue even though he found teachers for other aspects of life he found valuable. He could not teach it himself either, even though he himself was known to be virtuous. Therefore it seems virtue cannot be a form of knowledge. In order for something to be knowledge, someone must be able to teach it to others. Socrates concludes that virtue cannot be taught and that there is no means or method by which virtue can be acquired. Virtue is simply shown as coming to us, whenever it comes, by divine dispensation (reference?) In my view, if Plato had framed the questions somewhat differently, he might have gotten a different answer. That is Plato could have better asked whether virtue could be learned instead of asking whether virtue can be taught. What I mean to say is that asking whether one can be taught something entails that the relationship of a student and a teacher, whereas asking whether something can be learned implies only that there is a student (whose life experiences might be said to be a teacher.) For example, to ask whether I was taught geometry is to ask whether a teacher taught me geometry. Whereas to ask whether I learned geometry is simply to ask whether I learned it, whether or not I was taught it by a geometry teacher or learned geometry myself either from (lets say) a book or by some other means. Learning can come in various forms. In order to learn something, one does not require a teacher in the strict sense. For instance, learning can be achieved from studying people who have virtue and yet the latter may not be aware that they are studied. So a man may be learning virtue, and his teachers may be virtuous, even though the teachers might not even be alive. Another form of learning is experience. Virtue may be learned through personal experience. In this example, the teacher would be both life experiences and the reflective nature of the learner. There is still another form of learning. A man can learn, even if he cannot offer an explanation of how he learned or of what he exactly knows. For instance, after someone has been through a particular problem in his life, he can then detect that a relative of his is going through the same problem. And although he can know it, he cannot give an explanation of how he recognized it. Another example is that of the musicians or painters who have learned their craft and are able to perform well, but find it almost impossible to give an explanation of what they have learned. So the question whether virtue can be taught is a much different, and narrower, than whether virtue can be learned. Plato is right in suggesting that virtue cannot be taught. I believe that we all know or have heard of people who recite rules of virtue (such us be compassionate or be honest,) but find it impossible to put them into practice. Certainly in this sense virtue cannot be taught. A mentioned above, having the ability to be virtuous is like having the ability to be musical, which is to some extent instinctual. So, for example, it could be argued that knowing when, for example, to offer help to a friend when he needs it, is a matter of instinct or judgment. All of this means that although virtue may not be taught, this is not to say that virtue cant be learned. Plato suggests the notion that virtue is inborn. Certainly this is to some degree true. There are some people with an exceptional capacity for virtues like compassion, etc. since they were born. Yet others look as if they are born with little to no moral conscience, which seems to be necessary for virtue to exist. However what this means is just that the foundation of virtue is inborn, not that it cant be learned. In the same way that we comprehend the fact that one can be preached how to be virtuous but fail to be virtuous in practice, the converse is also possible: people can refine the ways they understand virtue, they may become more virtuous by reflective practice, and their views of how to act in a virtuous way changes significantly as they grow up. In my view, if Plato put his questions in a different way (that is if he had asked whether virtue can be learned, instead of whether virtue can be taught) he might have found a much more affirmative answer.

The Monroe Doctrine: Origin and Early American Foreign Policy Essay

The essay discusses the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and how its birth shaped U.S. foreign policy from the 1820’s through the American Civil War. It also looks at the key players and their various motives in creating this important document. The Monroe Doctrine History during the early 1800’s found the American people very interested in the situation involving the Latin American countries found in central, South America, and Mexico. Though these Latin countries tried to establish their own government and proclaimed their independence, certain European countries continued to fight and reinstate their force and power over them. A major factor to consider was that France and Spain were considering joining forces to create a large and powerful military force, also in hopes of moving in to reclaim the areas of Latin states in which French or Spanish power had slipped. Americans were showing equal concern to the defense of their own country, their coastlines and the states and territory of the North American continent. This defense, not only in the meaning of protecting their colonized states from invasive forces, but defense also to protect the available land on the continent from the future possibilities of settlement and control by European countries or the Holy Alliance (Russia, Prussia and Austria.) During President James Monroe’s term, the president realized the States should start to exert power in the world. The States must develop a policy to protect his country's interests. President Monroe chose to consult with many of those he found wise and those whose opinions he valued (former President Thomas Jefferson, John Calhoun and James Madison, and Secretary John Quincy Adams. Great Britain tried to collaborate with the United States, hoping to send out a joint message to other European countries and the Holy Alliance. All but the Secretary of State agreed it would be in the best interest of the States to ally with Great Britain. The thought was to create a document or declaration stating the land on the northern continent of America could no longer be claimed by any European country, or the Holy Alliance. It was also clearly expressed Europe or the Holy Alliance should not interfere with into American affairs and could expect the United States would not become involved in the business of other countries. There would be no tolerance of... ...t perhaps the history of the world. Declaring that Europe and the Holy Alliance could no longer interfere with the Latin countries allowed these new countries the time they needed to develop their countries, their business, and their trade and shipping markets. Since commerce and shipping was no longer dominated by the larger countries, this allowed the States an opportunity to grow and develop in the trade market also. This time and confidence allowed them to develop their own naval military powers also. The initiation and implementation of such a wise first move in foreign policy was one of many that helped to build the United States into a forceful power. WORKS CITED "James Monroe". History.com 2014. Web. 24 May 2015. http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/james-monroe "John Quincy Adams". Biography.com 2014. Web. 24 May 2015. http://www.biography.com/people/john-quincy-adams-9175983#early-political-career Today in History, October 17. American Memory. Library of Congress, 2010. Web. 24 May 2015. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct17.html "James Monroe". Millercenter.org http://millercenter.org/president/monroe/essays/biography/1

Private Gun Ownership Should NOT be Banned Essay -- gun control laws

Would you choose to own a gun if your life depended on it? America has defended itself with guns since December 13, 1631 when the National Guard was born. We are a country that defends what we love. What do we defend ourselves with? Guns of course. Guns and America were discovered around the same time. Guns will forever be a part of America. Without guns the American Revolution would not have been won (Boehm). There have been some times in American history where guns have caused the loss of innocent Americans lives due to an unstable person, but there have also been multiple times where guns have defended each and every American’s freedom. Most people don’t think about a day-to-day basis and how guns can be beneficial to our lives. Private gun ownership should not be banned because guns provide protection, people are responsible for killing people, without guns, criminals will find other ways to kill, and it is our American right to own guns to protect ourselv es. Without guns, people would be running crazy in the streets. We all want to have that warm, fuzzy feeling of protection. Protection is now the top reason Americans own guns (Personal). Those who are against guns usually say there’s other ways to protect yourself such as calling 911 or the local police (Justice). Although that is true, it is an unrealistic way of protection. Police usually arrive after a crime is committed or when it is too late (Why). The first person to encounter a criminal with a gun is the victim and if the victim is armed, they can protect themselves on the spot and not have to hid or wait for the police to arrive. We call the police because they are armed with a firearm and can protect you. If used for protection, guns will save ... ... n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Personal Safety Top Reason Americans Own Guns Today." Personal Safety Top Reason Americans Own Guns Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Statistics Prove: More Guns, Less Crime." Infowars Statistics Prove More Guns Less Crime Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "What Are the Gun Laws in Iowa?" About.com Crime / Punishment. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Why Own a Gun? Protection Is Now Top Reason." Pew Research Center for the People and the Press RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Adam Lanza Wouldn't Have Been Stopped by Stricter Gun Control Laws." PolicyMic. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Justice Stevens: You Have the 'Constitutional Right' to Call 911, Not to Own a Gun | Outdoor Life." Outdoor Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013. "Refuting Anti-Gun Control Arguments." The Progressive Cynic. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2013.

Obesity and cancer – Linked to what level

Or possibly make for a worse cancer prognosis? These issues are addressed in this report, with references to many studies performer d at the population level, and at the molecular level – attempting to link cancer progression (prostrate cancer), severity and occurrence, wit h symptoms of obesity – such as visceral fat, deadlocked levels, etc.Focusing primarily on the dopamine levels in obese (cancer/non cancer) patients, in vitro tumor culture studies and data from prostrate/ breast cancer patients – this report aims to hint at a possible mechanism which underlies cancer progression on the basis of the data from above studies and explain how obese TTY as a condition, fits In the mechanism of tumor progression. Introduction to obesity – The first aspect regarding obesity is the quantification of the physical condition called ‘obese'.For the purpose of this report (and for most of the studies referred to) – computer tomography generated measurem ents in the order of ?comma area in the central abdominal regions (I. E. – of visceral fat), Is defined as the condition for obesity. Alternatively, other quantifications, such as waste- Hip ratios, Body Mass Index, etc are also used to define or relate specific aspects of body structure to the condition of being obese or its relate deed metabolic syndromes. 9] Central (visceral) obesity is characterized by metabolic syndromes such as – insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperventilates, displacement, hypertension, and problematic and protoplasm Tory states [81. All of which are fairly conditions that cause many complications in contemporaries occurring dies asses – however the focus of this report details the direct implications of obesity, and the molecules involved – followed by a generalization from this case-study on hormonal cancers. The molecular symptoms and effects of obesity on a patient's physiological system ar Fig. – Diagrammatic repre sentation of some of the possible mechanisms for obesity- related prostate cancer progression. GIF-I = insulin-like growth factor 1; IL- 6 = interleukin 6; VEGA = vascular endothelial growth factor; GHB = sex- hormone binding globulin. [8] Molecular characteristics of obesity – The following are characteristics/by- products of obesity and their respective roles identified in various hormonal (prostrate/breast) cancer studies – Hypersensitiveness – Geiger serum levels of insulin results in decreased production of Sex-Hormone Binding Globulin (GHB).GHB mediated inhibition of breast tumors has recently bee n identified in literature [1]. Hence, this characteristic is analogous to loss-of- inhibition for breast-cancer cells. Also, it results in higher levels of free androgen's and estrogen – which have been implicated in proliferation of breast cancers, and progression of hormonal cancers in general. Decreased Testosterone levels – have significance in prostrate cancer, as lower testosterone levels have been associated with high- read prostrate cancers. The characteristic being of higher proliferation and less differentiation in the tumor. 2] Perpetuation of TNT-alpha – by virtue of higher levels of TNT- alpha in serum, there is higher susceptibility to inflammation and inflammation by itself has a potential role as a cancer promoting event at any given site. [Smith's Term Paper] Dopamine secretions by adipose tissue are covered with a few examples – o Lepton – is an dopamine secreted primarily by White Adipose Tissue (WATT), and has been shoo win to be active in the formation of reproductive tissue (including the prostrate). And has be en positively correlated with visceral obesity and large prostrate tumors [4].Studies have shown that lepton promotes the proliferation of androgen- independent prostate cancer cell lines. It has also been shown to promote vascular endothelial cell profiler and misdiagnoses in vivo, processes that are crucial to allow cancer progression. Also, it has been positively correlated with increased prostrate cancer cell migration (implying invasion and metastasis) [5]. Mechanism of action – The proliferation response of prostate cancer cells to lepton has been shown o involve intracellular signaling molecules such as physicality-instill 3- kinas (POP-K) and c-June NH-terminal kinas NON). 10] o Interleukin-6 – one third of the circulating level secretion of IL- 6 is from adipose tissue. It is directly proportional to visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its normal role being in modulo action of immune response and cell-functions – it is basically a growth inhibitor. However, recently it has been shown to undergo a transition in its role from growth inhibitor associated with neuroscience differentiation to stimulator accompanied by androgen receptor cacti action in prostrate cancer progression [6].Prostrate cancer cultures have been shown to secrete high levels of IL- 6, and it is believed that chronic exposure to this dopamine leads to loss-of-growth- inhibition in tumor cells. Serum IL-6 levels >7 pig/ ml are associated with a poor prognosis in men with prostate cancer. O Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGA) – VEGA levels are positively correlated with visceral obesity, and it is a potent nitrogen that allows for cell- migration, misdiagnoses and micro-vascular permeability. It hence, has a direct growth factor effect on tumor progression of all ski ads of cancer.Aggressive high grade cancers all show high levels of VEGA secretions. It is why apotheosized that obesity driven elevation in VEGA levels is a potent priming event for all forms of c anger, specially hormonal cancers. O Depiction – this is an dopamine that is negatively correlated with obesity and visceral fat. It has been identified as a possible therapeutic agent in many obesity related metabolic co indications, such as diabetes, hyp ertension, etc. Hence, by virtue of its opposite nature to other adipose nest, it is hypothesized to be the ‘anticancer' dopamine. It is also negatively correlated with high h grade prostrate and breast cancers.The function of depiction is via its two primary receptors, which have a spatial didst fiction that is governed by other growth factors and adipose. Studies have also identified JUNK and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STATS) as common downstream effectors of depiction. Both JUNK an d STATS play of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apotheosis during various physiologic and pathologic events such as tumor development. [7] Discussion/Analysis – Getting fat – Starting in chronological order of occurrence, in a patient's life – first, one must become obese for any risks to be present.Is this necessarily, true? Yes. Not that non-obese people are necessarily risk- free or unlikely to get cancer – but obesity is positively correlated with multiple forms of cancer, so that risk is assure deed. Foods containing high levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol are specifically t he ones that are implicated in development of central abdominal obesity. Linoleum acid (or Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) is a constituent of animal- at that has been positively implicated in prostrate cancer migration/ metastasis [12].Also, low-fat culture medium for in vitro tumor cultures resulted in decreased proliferation rates and low- fat diets for tumor bearing nude-mice also showed slower progression of tumors. White Adipose Tissue (WATT – a sub- classification of adipose tissue, which is largely present in visceral fat), is significantly co-relatable to consumption of animal- fat and saturated fatty acids. It is recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ – some of the secretions of which have been listed above. Hence, there is definitely a relation between one's diet and cancer prognosi s.The role of obesity – Obesity has been generically classified as a condition that suppresses non- aggressive diseases and accelerates the aggressive ones. How true this stereotype may be, is not the subject of this report – but nonetheless the statement does hold true for cancer progression. To say that cancer (of any form) may be ‘induced' by obesity, is not a Justifiable states .NET on the basis of currently available data. However, ‘cancer progression' is definitely a task that obesity is able to remote to sufficiency (of the tumor).

Personal Response on Sexual Identity Essay

However, this has been an awakening although I do possess much about basic knowledge for my age in sexual issues there was still much I did not know (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). I grew up a Christian and certain high values were set my siblings and I, so high that moral values are predictable to assume on the subject of sex. Although I possess a European background my parents are primarily German-American. My siblings and I were with the ideas of spirituality is more important than religious views. However, this does not mean that we did not have set restrictions; never feeling shame or perfect knowledge of sexuality. That is why when wrapping up the last chapter of the text I realized that my sexual decisions were a positive influence and my family as-well-as myself. Prior to taking this course I unknowingly forgot some areas of my sexuality involving myself and my husband. When became married I took for granted our sexual relationship and forgot to nurture it along with our relationship. However, I was reminded that even being in a good relationship changes as-well-as our needs in that relationship. Developing and growing as a couple can avoid problems that can occur over years of neglect. Realizing, through reading the text information, taking care of our sexual needs instead of turning away from them brought both my husband and I closer together and improved our sexual relationship (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Multiple sexual accounts of problems that concern couples were given in the text, which helped to improve upon and apply in my own relationship. One of those examples was Situational Ethics and the philosophy of Joseph Fletcher. This is a theory that I find most agreeable when supporting sexual behavior. The idea of supporting people because we love them or have experienced love for him or her makes sense. So by completing this course it has offered me a new perspective in critical thinking and value system in relation to sexuality. Also the material covered has assisted in becoming more aware in my son’s own sexuality and how to proceed in properly supporting a healthy sexual relationship of his own (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Another important understanding is how the environmental and historical influences have shaped my life and ideas in my sexual experiences. It is my belief that both the environment and history brings important affects in molding our views as individuals on sexual orientation. The historical point of view influences how individual view sexuality, also it includes how he or she was reared by his or her parents. The historical and sexual viewpoints are different from one parent than another because of his or her own rearing. Therefore, certain sexual aspects were more acceptable for me when they were new for my parents to deal with. Case-in-point during my generation being a homosexual has become much more accepted by society than during my parent’s generation, and premarital sex was definitely prohibited. However, as a growing and mature individual I could develop my own ideas through experiences and knowledge, judging for myself what sexual preference I wanted to choose. Also there is the genetic predisposition, which contributes to the outcome and direction in which my sex is determined. So when adding the time, genetic predispositions, social environment, the way my parents reared me, and day-to-day environment influences together an individual will find the formula of a person’s sexual rientation. However, even with all of these pieces coming together to create a person’s sexual orientation none of them completely determine a person’s sexual choice. The determination of my gender identity was preset by my parents giving me the chromosomes XY, gave me an anatomic appearance of a female. Also being reared in a hetero environment had an influence in becoming a female as well. So the relation to the masculinity-femininity continuum is that I posses both traits fem inine and masculine. In some situations I tend to carry myself as a caring and soft-spoken female, is typical for feminine behavior. On the other hand I express more masculine attributes like aggressiveness and self-reliance, which is typical for masculine behavior. Both add in the development in determining and sustaining my gender identity. The biological perspective by the way was inherited from my parents and aided in the development of the characteristics in becoming a woman, gender role of nurturing and caring individual, and maternal tendencies in taking care of my child. Then the psychological perspective according to my mother to which she insists that I was a normal girl with particular behaviors toward feminine toys and clothes. As a final point, the social environment offers an insight into the typical social role of an American woman, which was predetermined at birth by my social surroundings (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Attraction and love, the effects it has on a relationship is phenomenal and with whom the relationship involves can determine its outcome. Case-in-point my husband and I have nurtured and grown as a couple from a relationship to a marriage. Of course there are many aspects of love and attraction in one’s life and I think that the three most important components are Physical attractiveness, Similarity, and Reciprocity. When looking or meeting a perspective partner the first thing, I experience physically attraction, then similarity to make sure we have common interest, then reciprocity because I tend to express myself openly when a person is in agreement with me. Overall I have already experienced these characteristics in relationships for example the relationship I am currently in and any in the future. I think each phase is significant and reflect the process to which my relationships will develop (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Furthermore, sexual dysfunctions are another course subject that I found interesting. Although, it is a delicate matter to most individuals I believe that dysfunctions should be addressed immediately by a doctor. People tend to postpone addressing issues concerning sexual dysfunctions when treated by a doctor it could become more manageable or cured. The reason for the lack of professional help in this area that people experience a feeling of shame, or uneducated in on the issue of sexual dysfunctions, there is however one very interesting sexual disorder I want to address the Orgasmic disorder. A man generally experiences an inability to delay an orgasm, which means he cannot control early ejaculation as for a women she experiences anorgasmia, is the lack of an orgasm even when stimulated. The Orgasmic disorder is a disorder in which being informed as much as possible is necessary to both partners and should my partner or I ever experience this kind of sexual disorder then we can acknowledge the disorder and seek treatment. Should this problem persist then my partner and I shale seek additional medical help in its prevention. However, the textbook offered knowledge in identifying and solving this problem by listing instructions to which a person may stimulate him or her prior to sexual intercourse or masturbation. Of course as men began to age he tends to experience complications from orgasmic disorders and this can lead to problems in a relationship. Moreover, if or when these dysfunctions occur many solutions are available such as talking to a medical doctor and seeking counseling to deal with the emotional stress of this disorder. Dealing with these problems in advance can improve a sexual relationship and offer a chance of a lasting marriage (Rathus, Nevid & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). When taking this course I first thought, it was unnecessary because I was confident and knowledgeable about my own sexuality.