Racial Discrimination During The Second World War

The decades during the second World War presented multiple forms of racial discrimination, affecting the functions and moods of domestic communities, including outside influences, social prejudice, and economic discrimination in both America and Europe. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the young narrator named Scout witnesses racial tensions in the glacial-paced town of Maycomb shake up the community, and create grand-scale cracks in the ground contrasting opinions and revealing hypocrisies hidden underneath as a certain court date inches closer. This legal case takes an alleged rape incident, applying racial undertones and showing the dominance of the white race in society, as well as the desperation and disadvantage of the black community in the face of this dominance. Scout’s impressionable, youthful mind is shaped by dipping her feet in both pools of social equality in her home and the sphere of public discrimination, leading her to challenge the status quo. The era of World War Two is immediately associated with racism as the rise of fascist dictators such as Adolf Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy implemented eugenic policies, resulting in communities of apartheid and even acts to the extent of mass murder as seen in the Holocaust. In both of these settings, day-to-day domestic life was influenced by convincing influences creating the racial situations to be socially accepted, as well as justified. The exploited victims of both backgrounds were slaves to the publicShow MoreRelatedRonald Reagan And The Struggle For Black Dignity1067 Words   |  5 PagesRonald Reagan as an actor during an important period in time. In this article, written for The Journal of African American History, Vaughn gives a detailed illustration of Ronald Reagan’s involvement in overcoming racial discrimination in the film industry. The author starts with giving background information on the state of racial issues in America in the 1940s. Continuing into the article, Vaughn mentions all of Reagan’s evolvement with organizations against racial discrimination, particularly in theRead MoreEssay on Racial Discrimination in Obasan and Itsuka by Jow Kogawa1300 Words   |  6 Pages The world is filled with different kinds of hatred caused by different reasons. For instance, people may hate others because of their gender, or for having different beliefs. Perhaps people hate others based on their cultural representation instead of who they really are as an individual, whether that representation is a religion or a race. This single fact of racial discrimination has caused many terrible and tragic events in history such as the holocaust, slavery, and among them is the evacuationRead MoreRacial Conservatism, Race, Ethnicity, And National Origin1518 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the Second World War, the United States experienced a period of activism for the sake of providing basic human rights to whites and people of color alike until the early 1970s. This period was recognized as the Second Reconstruction, which primarily paved the way to end discrimination against African Americans and give them the freedom and equal rights whites had become entitled to as the country’s citizens. Due to the growing tension and unrest triggered by the segregation of people ofRead MoreInfluence Of The Federal Government1633 Words   |  7 Pagesinconsistent success in the courts, and so brought direct action to the fore in the 1950s and 60s. Before this time, however, violent measures were prevalent: the Hispanic Las Gorras Blancas campaign was launched in conjunction with the ongoing Apache Wars (the Native Americans’ attempt to have their own recognised lands, which continued into the twentieth century) and although both achieved publicity, they were met unsympathetically by the government, which was justifiably forced to deal with the violenceRead MoreThe Past and Present Treatment of Ethnic Minorities in Britain1387 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesminority culture on the British society. finally I will include a conclusion which will include my opinion on what i find hopeful and disturbing aspects of being in a multicultural society. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s (after the end of World War Two) Black carrabiens were encouraged to come from their homeland-the carrabien to come and work for Britain. This later evolved into people from other countries coming to work in Britian, e.g. India,Read MoreThe Japanese American Citizens League965 Words   |  4 Pagesattitudes. As a result, the organization has, at times, been both critiqued by the Asian-American community for its support of racist government policies and praised for its opposition of legislative discrimination. In particular the organization has been criticized for its complacency during World War Two (1939-1945) with the federal government s discriminatory internment of Japanese-American citizens. The origins of the JACL reside in the large number of Asian immigrants into the United StatesRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 18661520 Words   |  7 Pages Racial discrimination in granting rights and privilege between the veterans of white Americans and black African American is a major issue since seventeenth century. From the very beginning of America White Americans used to treat African Americans as slaves. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia and lasted until the passage of the Civil Right Act of 1866. The nineteenth century saw a hardening of institutionalized racism and legalRead MoreHow Does Racial Worldview Affect Our Understanding Of The World?1248 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Final Draft Name: Abdullah Mohammad Naseer-213152275 Section: UNI 123 (04D) Teacher: Aylin Yurdacan Date: 21.08.2015 Question: The author writes that the modern age has been defined by the â€Å"racial worldview† in what ways does racial worldview affect our understanding of the world? What negative consequences may it lead to in daily life? The idea of race has not been emphasized until our modern time. The term came to common use in the 18th century. Despite multiple technical definitionsRead MoreCleopatra Dunlap600 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the facilities provided for African Americans were separate but never equal to the facilities held for whites. Saying it â€Å"violated the aspect of Plessy’s â€Å"separate but equal† principle infecting this argument throughout all schools around the world and winning many more cases fighting to get equal rights for African American’s in the schools educations system. Like Murray v. Maryland desegregating the school allowing black’s to get a full â€Å"separate but equal† education. Originated from the JimRead MoreMass Incarceration In Michelle Alexanders The New Jim Crow Laws1083 Words   |  5 PagesJim Crow laws were state and local laws that reinforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the begin ning of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s (Urofsky). The laws mandated segregation of schools, drinking fountains, restrooms, buses, and restaurants. In legal theory, blacks received â€Å"separate but equal† treatment under the law--in actuality, public facilities were nearly always inferior to those for whites, when they existed at all. In addition, blacks

AIDS awareness advocacy advertisement. Free Essays

Hannan Qistina Amir Hamzah 11200770816th April 2013 AIDS awareness advocacy advertisement. Kenneth Cole has come out with more than one advocacy advertisement to bring an issue to the centre. The First was AIDS awareness ad in 1985. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS awareness advocacy advertisement. or any similar topic only for you Order Now He mainly focuses on the issue of AIDS, to increase public awareness of his views on how important to prevent it. He tried really hard to make people understand about the AIDS issue through his advertisement. The tagline for the ad was ‘For the future of our children’. In the ad, the models were not wearing shoes because Kenneth Cole was not promoting or selling his product but focus on the issue. He does not bother spending very large amounts of money onto his advocacy ad. General reaction to the first AIDS ad. There is a lot of criticism that Kenneth Cole have gotten from his AID ad. People ask a lot of questions, they will question the message of the ad, the rationality of the ad because the issue was very controversial. People will read his ad the way they wanted because everyone has their own perceptions. Even though there are lot of criticism, Kenneth Cole has the courage to argue and stand for his ideas because to him it is important. Besides that, what he felt about the social issue, the AIDS can be reflected through his ad. AIDS awareness is something that he really cares about and really focuses on the issue genuinely. Kenneth Cole also take his AIDS ad as an opportunity to say what is important that may can give differences on people’s lives. Value relationship This advocacy advertisement can also help to establish relationship with the constituents. Furthermore, advocacy advertising is designed to capture the eye and to win hearts and minds of the constituencies. The goal is that after they have being exposed to the AIDS awareness ad, they may take a position on the issue and felt that it is important too, and may be persuaded to change opinions about the issue. Kenneth Cole said that he believed that he could say something important and might help and impact people’s lives and make a difference. By creating an advocacy ad can allow new facts, arguments or even action that the government should take. Brand loyalty What Kenneth Cole has gotten from his advocacy ad is that it will eventually help to raise awareness of the company, brand loyalty because by taking care of the community can enhance the Cole’s company, and most importantly about advocacy issue. Other than that, is getting people to act the way he thinks people should act. It is to influence people’s opinion towards his advocacy ad or about the issue that he is focuses on like the AID awareness on 1985. Visit mothers with aids in Cape Town. Kenneth Cole went to Cape Town to visit the AIDS centre and the treatment centre to support all the AIDS patients. With his visit, it shows that he really cares about the AIDS awareness and really cares about the issue to help people just what he said in his ad. He is not only producing an advocacy advertisement. From the visit, he has gain more knowledge about how the international actions around AIDS, he has knew that AIDS exist globally nad know how to address the issue locally. How to cite AIDS awareness advocacy advertisement., Papers

Caravaggio Example For Students

Caravaggio Biography Outline1 Biography1.1 Michelangelo Merisi  da Caravaggio (1571-1610)1.2 Explosive Character1.3 The New Stage1.4 Scandalous Fame1.5 Features of Creativity Biography Michelangelo Merisi  da Caravaggio (1571-1610) Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio was born in 1571 in Italy in Lombardy. It is still unknown where this outstanding person was born, and the date of his birth but the scientists suggest that he could have been born in Milan, or in a small town of Caravaggio. He was the eldest son in the family. When the epidemic of plague began in 1576, the family of Michelangelo had to move from Milan to Caravaggio. He lived there until 1591. The following date, 1584, interrupted this period. He became a pupil of the Milanese artist Simone Peterzano. After training with this painter unfairly forgotten by all, Michelangelo was to receive the title of artist, but no supporting facts on this subject have survived. Explosive Character In 1592, the family Caravaggio again experienced another tragedy when their mother died. After this incident, the entire inheritance of the parents was divided among the children. The artist received a good share, which was enough to leave his hometown and move to Rome. According to some reports, he left Milan for a serious reason, and many biographers believe that he killed or seriously injured a man, so he had to move. Michelangelo had a quick temper. Fights and imprisonment became the companions of his life.   The first time in the capital of Italy, Caravaggio had difficulty with finding work, but soon he began to work as an apprentice to Giuseppe Cesari, who was considered at that time one of the best artists in Italy. But their cooperation was short-lived. Caravaggio came to the hospital because his horse hit him very hard and after his recovery, he decided to work independently. The New Stage Soon Michelangelo met Cardinal Francesco del Monte. He saw several paintings by Caravaggio, and he liked them very much. Cardinal was an educated and cultured person, he appreciated art and was a friend of Galileo, and in 1597, he took the young artist to his service, providing him with a good salary. So three more years passed, and they were not in vain. The artist was noticed, and he began to receive more and more orders. It was at this time that he wrote such paintings as The Appeal of the Apostle Matthew and The Martyrdom of the Apostle Matthew, and also The Crucifixion of the Apostle Peter. Contemporaries were amazed by his talent. He painted very realistically, his paintings were filled with drama and were very original. He painted in defiance of the religious standards that existed at that time. Of course, there were opponents of his work, who believed that he depicted the saints very mundane. His painting Saint Matthew and the Angel was rejected by the church ministers as unworthy. This picture was acquired by the famous collector of the time Marquis Vincenzo Giustiniani, who bought more than 15 paintings afterward. Scandalous Fame By 1604, Caravaggio became Italys most famous artist of his time, but in addition, he was known as the most scandalous artist, because there was always heated controversy around his paintings. The name of Caravaggio was also associated with bad glory, the glory of the offender. His name appeared more than 10 times in the list of those who violate the law with their careless antics. They included wearing a cold steel without permission (Caravaggio wore a huge dagger), hurling a tray in the waiters face, smashing the windows in the house, and these were the least harmless offenses. .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .postImageUrl , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:hover , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:visited , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:active { border:0!important; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:active , .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6a8a08a8421f9a69368ad59387444cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Paul KleeThe artist even spent some time in prison. On May 28, 1606, he killed a man. If earlier, while he was living in his homeland, this fact was not confirmed, this time it is known for certain. Michelangelo had to flee. The remaining 4 years of his life he had to spend in exile. At first, he was not far from Rome. He still hoped that he would be pardoned. Realizing that this was impossible, he went to Naples. And even there he found customers. 9 months after, he moved to Malta. In Malta, Caravaggio worked very productively, and for his services to the Order of Malta, he was initiated into his knights. But the nature of the artist made itself felt. After another skirmi sh with a high-ranking adviser of the order, Michelangelo was sent to prison, from which he fled to Sicily. By the end of the artists life, his authorities were no longer looking for him, but he had another danger. It was the revenge of knights. In the autumn of 1609, Michelangelo suffered greatly. In 1610, irony played a cruel joke with the artist, he was sent to prison, but by mistake. He was released soon. But after falling ill with malaria, he died on July 18, 1610, at the age of 39. Features of Creativity The work of Caravaggio, which did not belong to any particular art school, arose as an opposition to the dominant trends in Italian art of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The picturesque manner of Caravaggio is based on powerful contrasts of light and shadow, an expressive simplicity of gestures, saturation of color, which create emotional tension and dramatic effect. The folly of the images, the bold assertion of democratic artistic ideals put the artist in opposition to contemporary art. The significance of Caravaggio turned out to be huge because he was the first in the history of European art to proclaim the essence of artistic images of life-specific phenomena, people for their own occupations, the things that surround them in reality. The innovation of Caravaggios concept was that painting became a literal reproduction of life. The creative attitudes of the master, like his numerous followers in different European countries, did not change even when they turned to religious subjects. The influence of Caravaggio on all subsequent art is enormous. Art was no longer obsessed primarily with the ideal, but saw in nature, as in life itself, the simultaneous presence of opposing principles. In this sense, the picture Basket with fruit, where ripe and juicy fruits lie next to rotten and withered ones, is very revealing. As a result, the picture becomes not a proud statement of nature and life, but sad contemplation of the essence of our being.

Request Stop By Harold Pinter Essay Example

Request Stop By Harold Pinter Essay Imagine that you are the director of Request Stop ; think of two different interpretations, and give advice to the actress as to how to play the main role. Request Stop is a short sketch written by Harold Pinter, a political poet, author, and playwright. This particular piece was written in 1953. A typical bus queue of the period would have been much the same as today, quiet and fairly antisocial, with people hiding behind broadsheets and magazines. The modern bus queue is boring. Nobody talks, except maybe for friends who are waiting, and everybody seems to not want to be there. The woman at the bus stop is somewhat of a mystery. There are a great many things that she could be. She could be an entertainer, livening up a bus queue by talking to everyone and anyone (even though she talks to one man, the whole queue is hearing her). She seems fun, lively, and talkative with her confident outbursts and taking offence at the smallest thing, then making a scene about it. Taking the idea that she is an entertainer, how would be advise the actress as to how to play the role? Since our idea is that she is a street entertainer, her clothing could be colourful, even clown-like. Lots of bright colours could be used, and maybe make up, to create the effect of a clown. We will write a custom essay sample on Request Stop By Harold Pinter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Request Stop By Harold Pinter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Request Stop By Harold Pinter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Her appearance would certainly be well kept, with ironed, clean clothes and clean hair, unless she wears a wig. The props she carries would depend on why she is there. There are a number of possibilities, including a television feature on why bus queues are so boring, or why people are so arrogant in general, using a bus queue as a living example. In this case, her props may include a microphone, or a cameraman. Another possibility for her presence is that this is an entertainment for charity, in which case she would be carrying a tub or collection box for donations. The actress would have to play with a lot of confidence even from the text it seems as if the character has a lot of energy about her, and the attitude given off is that she is in control of the situation. She knows how the people are going to respond, and it seems as if she has done this before, All Ive got to do, is report you, and youd be standing in the dock in no time. One of my best friends is a plain clothes detective. In her speech, the actress would have to use a comical method of speaking. Changing tones of voice would be good, and perhaps she could stretch out certain words, Who DO you think YOU are? Her speech would be fast paced, and the pauses would be brief, so as not to interrupt her momentum. Her tone of voice and the manner in which she speaks would be supercilious, that is to say, she would be superior, above everything. She would make the characters repetition more evident, Huh, I know your sort, and Theyre putting your sort inside every day of the week. Even h er props could be more comical, she could have a broadsheet like the others, and a few shopping bags, for emulation. The second possibility for the character of the woman, is that she is a sad character, and this is a tragic sketch. The title of the play fits in with this (Request stop, beggars request, or beg, for things. ), it may have a double meaning. The woman could be requesting a number of things. Money, gifts, possibly conversation or friendship. The entire plays structure is based upon a request, then a pause, I beg your pardon, what did you say? Pause, and Who do you think you are? Pause. She talks more after each pause, with the height of her tirade reaching eight lines. The people ignoring her aggravating and antagonistic behaviour seem to suggest that she is socially alienated. This point is lent credence by the fact that, whilst her character is called Woman, another female character is referred to as Lady (it is important to note that the woman also refers to her as lady. ). Since she is being ignored, she seems to create a two way conversation where perhaps one doesnt exist, Ask a man a civil question The people on the bus queue also seem desperate to escape her. The lady pays a lot more for a taxi to escape the attentions of the woman when she is asked to be a witness, much to the womans annoyance, We know what sort she is. and at the end of the sketch, everyone in the queue runs after a passing bus, leaving the woman at the bus stop. This could be a Biblical reference (Jesus teaching on the Good Samaritan), she is obviously in need of help, yet people want nothing to do with her and run off, or escape her in other ways, because they dont want to know. Maybe she is not the troublemaker she first appears to be. Her continued harassment of the queue could be, rather than just a chance to annoy, a silent plea for help. With regards to acting out the play, the only character that needs to speak is actually the woman. The man could be making insinuations by ignoring her, and the others do the same by running away at the end. True, she is irritating, but you have to look past the fai ade of her annoyance. As for giving advice to the actress with regards on how to play the character, there are, again, a number of possibilities. She could be homeless, in which case she would wear ragged clothes, with tears and dirt on them. Her face would seem haggard and worn, and her hair would be wiry, unkempt, and dirty the stereotypical homeless person, living on the streets. Her belongings could be in a shopping trolley, or some carrier bags nearby. Also, she could be mentally ill, or alcoholic. Props in this case could include a bottle, which she swigs from occasionally. The people at the bus stop would have to seem embarrassed by her presence, as real people are. The actress would have to create the diction for the lady. Possible suggestions would be a regional accent, maybe Geordie or Scouser. Her tone would be insulting or insulted, or both possibly. Her clothes would be a complete contrast to those of the clown character. She could be wearing all black, to show she is depressed. If she is a tramp then layers of torn clothing would be appropriate. Her energy would come in bouts she could be loud one minute, and quiet the next. Also her mood would change from one emotional extreme to the next, if she is an alcoholic or a mentally ill person. She could be placid at the beginning, then infuriated at the next sentence, then back to passive again later. She does not seem to be in control of herself, or the environment around her. This could be shown by the actress playing with her hair, or pulling sleeves on her shirt. Her running back to the front of the line near the end seems to be her attempt to insert assertiveness into her life, which suggests she leads a lacklustre life. The actress could bring this out. In conclusion, I would probably direct the actress and advise her to play the Sad/Tragic aspect of the character. It seems to fit the piece better, and leaves a lot more scope for acting than the street entertainer option. The play would seem a lot more believable, and would relate to modern day life a lot better, especially with todays audience. Because we have all been one of the queue at one point or another in our life, and this serves as a bitter reminder of that.

Night of the Scorpio Essay Example

Night of the Scorpio Essay Example Night of the Scorpio Paper Night of the Scorpio Paper The author in Sacrifice tries to put the reader in the perspective of the goat to make it feel more intense which takes place in the first and third stanza. In the fourth stanza, the children, blank templates, are looking on over this tableau, being programmed as though this is a normal occurrence.  The Night of the Scorpion had a lot of comparisons such as the peasants are compared to flys swarming and the shadows like giant scorpions.  The last stanza, in Sacrifice is a shock of sorts. We are not laying the foundations of a house and But another Dachau. There is so little preparation for this in the poem. Dachau is a concentration camp you would have to do research to find out what went on during the Second World War to understand what Rafat intended the audience to believe. Within Night of the Scorpion you can see panic in the fathers. As a married person I can feel what is going through the fathers thoughts. The team work that a partnership needs to survive, when one facet of the team has gone the team fall to pieces for a while, until a leader pulls the team together. This is one of the thoughts going through the fathers mind. Also there is the other thought of devotion and love for his wife. This leads him to try any thing in his power to keep the team together even thought he might be a sceptic with some of the ideas to help his wife. For something to be as vividly in Ezekiels mind as when his mother got stung it must have been quite horrific. His Mother is glad it was not her children. As a parent it always seems that there is a stronger bond between the children and their mother, as she is pleased she was bitten and not the children. It was such a frantic poem but at least it did have a happy ending.  In Sacrifice why did Taufiq Rafat go to his friends house for this ceremony? This is the question I have been looking at in my endeavour to understand the poets mentality. If I was going to a ceremony which involved such a horrific sacrifice I would turn down the invitation. Overall the poem was very disturbing and I felt like putting it down after the first stanza. The last stanza highlight exactly how I feel about the whole poem, But another Dachau.  The poems where totally opposite to each other, one showing love, panic and relief the other showing brutality, control and disgust. My favourite was the Night of the Scorpion at least it had a happy ending.

Statistics Related to Fathers Day

Statistics Related to Fathers Day The history of the Fathers Day in the United States goes back over a century.   In 1909 Sonora Dodd of Spokane, Washington thought of the idea of Father’s Day. After hearing a Mother’s Day sermon she thought it would be appropriate to also have a day honoring fathers. Her father, in particular, deserved recognition. William Smart, Sonora’s father, was a Civil War veteran, farmer, and widower who had raised six children. The third Sunday of Smart’s birth month of June 1910 was chosen by Spokane as the first Father’s Day. National recognition in the U.S. of Father’s Day took some time. It was not until 1966 when President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation commemorating the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day that the holiday was officially recognized nationally. Six years later, in 1972 President Richard M. Nixon signed a law making Father’s Day a permanent fixture of the third week in June. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on a wide variety of aspects of life in the U.S. They have several statistics relating to fathers. A few of these Fathers Day statistics follow below: Fathers Day Statistics There are approximately 152 million males in the United States. Of these about 46% (70 million) are fathers.About 16% (25 million) of all males in the U.S. had children younger than 18 in 2011.In 2011 there were 1.7 million single fathers. Of these men 5% were widowed, 19% were separated, 31% were never married and 45% were divorced.In 2011 there were approximately 176,000 stay-at-home dads. These were classified as married fathers who had been out of the workforce for over a year, with a wife who works outside the home. Approximately 332,000 children were cared for by these stay-at-home days, or on average, about 1.9 children per dad.In 2010 approximately 17% of all U.S. preschoolers were cared for by their father while mom was at work.As far as a gift goes for dad on Father’s Day, there are a number of options of items to buy and places to purchase a gift. All data is from the most recent year available, 2009:There were 7,708 men’s clothing stores in the U.S. where yo u could buy a tie.There were 15,734 hardware stores in the U.S. where you could buy an assortment of tools. Closely related to this gift category are the 6,897 home stores around the country.There were 21,628 sporting goods stores in the U.S., which stocked popular gifts such as fishing gear and golf clubs. Just over 79 million Americans reported eating at a barbecue in 2010. Due to Father’s Day falling during prime barbecue season, many of these people ate at a barbecue on the third Sunday of June. Happy Fathers Day to all fathers out there.

Brands Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Brands - Assignment Example However, the products manufactured by the company are extremely costly. In most developed countries, the unique nature of the Apple products is highly appreciated. Therefore, as a purchasing officer for a business, I would buy Apple computers for the company. I would also pay the same price for their products due to various reasons. For instance, Apple products are ultimately unique (Lashinsky, 2012). The company is also considered quite successful by most individuals. Research also asserts that, Apple has taken part in most environmental issues that are affecting the world. This is a clear portrayal that the products produced by Apple are environmentally-friendly. The company has also worked with several manufacturers in order to comprise the splendid working conditions. This affirms that the employees at the Apple industry are highly recognized. In conclusion, various sources conclude that the ceremonies usually draw a huge multitude of individuals (Lashinsky, 2012). Furthermore, the Apple consumers have been highly recognized as individuals who are better educated and affluent than most of the PC company consumers. Apple also has a wide range of products. Therefore, as a purchasing officer, I would ensure that all employees in the firm are equipped with the latest technology from Apple

Advertising-clients and consumers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising-clients and consumers - Essay Example ommercial that was somewhat similar between the two programs was an advertisement for cars for sale in which the normal employee discount was being extended to everyone until the end of the month. The difference was in the kind of cars featured. On the Emmys, it was the entire line of Saturns while on the football, the concentration was on trucks and larger sedans. There were amazing differences, though. The Emmy’s showed ads for products that would mostly or even exclusively apply to women. These included hair care products intended for long, silky hair or sparkling color, make-up, age-refining creams and a few female-oriented television shows. The advertisements played during the football game were for products such as men’s shampoo, beer, trucks and male-oriented television shows. The proportion of the ads was different, too. There were more ads for beauty products and shopping on the Emmys while there were more ads for movies and television shows on the football game. From these sorts of advertisements, several key characteristics of the expected audience can be inferred. The Emmys obviously anticipate a mostly female audience. They obviously anticipate older rather than younger women in that they are advertising products designed to make women look younger rather than capitalizing on already young faces and they are probably geared toward a more wealthy social class in that they are advertising more expensive products using classy settings and an elegant tone. The football game obviously expects a male audience, advertising products in terms of tough, strong and powerful. The settings are much more informal and include girls in bikini bathing suits and the emphasis is much more on simply passive observation or full-on involvement rather than a compromise between the two, such as in the shopping targeting the women. The similarities of products – there is an alcohol product in both, beauty products in both, vehicles in both, food in both,

Ethical Standards in Health Care Accounting Essay Example for Free

Ethical Standards in Health Care Accounting Essay As a health care manager, there is a need to understand the basic accounting principles and the need to be able to look at a financial report and understand what it says. Without these keys and a good ethical compass, there could be serious consequences and could result in loss of revenue, funds, termination, or even prison time. Now this may seem like an extreme statement, but without using the four elements of financial management and some good common sense, it might not be a far stretch of the truth. This paper will address the four elements of financial management and how good ethical standards and common sense ensure the best results. The Four Elements of Financial Management Financial management is simply put managing the financial aspect of a business. That involves cash coming in and cash going out. There are four elements of financial management which include planning, controlling, organizing and directing, and decision making. These four elements are important and need to be discussed separately. Planning â€Å"The purpose (of planning) is to identify objectives and then to identify the steps required for accomplishing these objectives† (Baker Baker, 2011, p. 5). Planning allows a manager to understand what his or her organization is about, or what it wants to achieve. This stage allows a manager to lay out the basic roadmap for what needs to happen. This does not meant that this is exactly what will happen, but still it provides a starting point. Creating a plan also requires thought into developing checks and balances. Who will be in charge of what, and who will be watching over whom. Plan to make it difficult for someone to make unethical decisions. According to Chuck Gallagher, a business ethics and fraud prevention expert; â€Å"Unethical behavior(s) that morphs into fraud will always have (need, opportunity, and rationalization) at their core† (Gallagher, 2009, p.41). Planning helps eliminate the opportunity for fraud. Controlling â€Å"The purpose of controlling is to ensure that plans are being followed† (Baker Baker, 2011, p. 5). At this stage managers use reports to see what areas are and what areas are not following their plans. The manager uses reports to ensure that financial targets are being met and that fraud is not occurring. Depending on the size of the organization, there may be many layers of controls put into place. It might be best to have someone that keeps everyone honest, at multiple levels. According to a quote in an article in Healthcare Financial Management, â€Å"’every organization ought to have a set of fairly detailed internal controls that protect its key assets. These controls should be reviewed by external and internal auditors or staff to make sure they are being adhered to’† (Sandrik, 1993, p. 4). Organizing and Directing Organizing is determining how best to use existing resources to achieve the goals of the company or organization. A few examples of this could be whether to have multiple nurses in the pediatric department today when they are needed in the ER, or whether to keep an ultrasound machine that is rarely used in a clinic, when it could best be served somewhere else. Directing is the day to day job of ensuring that resources are organized or designated in the most efficient manner. Decision Making Decision making is done continually throughout the other three elements or stages. Every time something is planned, controlled, or organized, it was because someone made a decision. Remember when making decisions to base them on the four principles of business ethics, â€Å"autonomy, which assumes every human being is capable of making his or her own choices; justice, which requires actions and practices to be fair and nondiscriminatory; beneficence, which promotes human welfare; and non-maleficence, which ensures protection of individuals from harm† (Sandrik, 1993, p. 5). Keeping transparency in a business is a great way to keep people honest as well. In July, 2010, The Healthcare Group Purchasing Industry Initiative (HGPII) received rave reviews for it â€Å"activating a formal process to ensure prompt and fair resolution of supplier complaints† and for â€Å"implementing an Independent Advisory Council to have outside observers make sure they are doing everything possible in terms of ethical standards† (Freeman, 2010, pp. 3). Conclusion Financial accounting might look like pages of numbers or gibberish; however they are the key to unlocking income potential, and success. Whether a manager is directly in charge of the reporting or in charge of something completely different, understanding these reports can help make an organization more efficient, able to offer more services, or even more profitable.

The Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Essay -- Biography Biogra

The Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930 in Albany Georgia. His father was Bailey Robinson, a railroad repair man, and his mother was 'Retha. His father never married his mother. His legal wife was Mary Jane, who also helped to raise Charles. By the time he was three, young Charles was learning to play the piano. When he was five his brother, who was three at the time, drowned. A few months later Charles got the disease that would make him go blind by the time he was seven. After he became totally blind at the age of seven, Charles went to a school for the blind in St. Augustine, Florida, where he learned to play the trumpet, the saxophone, the clarinet, and organ, though his preferred instrument is still the piano. When Charles was 15, his mother died from food poisoning. He decided to become a musician soon afterwards and he set out on his own. He played with various band throughout Florida until he was seventeen. He then wanted to get as far away as possible from Tampa and also stay in the United...

Past, Present, and Future

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on my personal and professional growth during my Criminal Justice program of study at the University of Phoenix. The paper will reflect upon where I was before I began college at the University of Phoenix. Then I will evaluate the growth I experienced during my University of Phoenix program of study. To conclude, the paper will analyze the impact of completing the University of Phoenix bachelor's program on my current and future professional goals.I went to college for the first time right after high school and learned very quickly that I did not know why I was there. I attained a job, thinking I would return when I decided what I wanted to be. The second time I went to college, I was in my early thirties, and because of the daycare I had been providing in my home, decided I should pursue a degree in early education. By the time I finished my general education courses, I changed my mind. I no longer wanted a degree in early education, and did n ot know what degree I wanted.Once again I quit college with a decision to return, once I knew what I wanted to be when I grew up. Many years went by and during those years I worked different low-level low-pay jobs. I began working for State Farm in the call center of the claims department in 2003. Although this position was also a low-level, low-paying job, I was enjoying learning the process of insurance claims and wanted to pursue a different position within the claims department. My supervisor encouraged me to go back to college because a degree would make me more competitive for higher positions within the company.In the next couple years, I managed to receive a position in a different department, but still low level. I continued in this position for three years and during this time, I had interviewed for three positions that I did not receive because I lacked a degree. My supervisor again encouraged me to go back to college to acquire the problem-solving, written and oral commu nication skills I needed to advance within the company. My desire was to return to college but did not believe I could work full-time while going to college.I shared this reasoning with my coworker who told me about the University of Phoenix, so I contacted the school and made an appointment. University of Phoenix’s accelerated program was the answer I needed. Each course was five weeks and I would take one course at a time. A program of study was my next dilemma as I never decided on this in the past. I did have a desire to work in the Special Investigative Unit in the claims department, so I spoke with a claim representative within that department who had a degree in Criminal Justice, and my choice was made.The first class I took was GEN/300 Skills for Professional Development that helped me to understand a new way of learning. I was used to a traditional curriculum; study a textbook, then take a test. GEN/300 taught me the computer skills and the tools needed for this new way of learning. Instead of tests, I learned to write academic papers that illustrated that I understood the course information. My research skills were enhanced as I learned to go beyond the textbook and use the Internet to retrieve information needed for my assignments. I was also introduced to a learning team environment.The learning team taught me how to work with different personalities to accomplish the same goal (University of Phoenix, 2008). In SCI/362 Environmental Issues and Ethics, the learning team assignment was a case study. Each week the learning team worked on a specific part of the case study that would build up to the final presentation for week five. This style of learning enhanced my written and oral communication skills as I worked with the team. The learning team learned to use each other’s strengths to put the presentation together (University of Phoenix, 2008).The two core courses during my program of study that had the greatest effect on my potential employment are CJA/413 Ethics in Criminal Justice and CJA 423 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice. These two courses revealed to me that everyone does not perceive the world the same as I do. People who are from a different culture may have different ethics than I. This concept opened my understanding that I need to consider people’s cultures and ethics to communicate more successfully in professional settings.This is an essential tool that everyone needs to be successful in the business world (University of Phoenix, 2009). My college experience with the University of Phoenix has been challenging at times but rewarding. The most challenging was the learning teams. Each team I was on seemed to face the same problem, which was to meet outside the classroom. Team member’s schedules conflicted, which made it difficult to meet to work on the team assignment. I believe the classroom setting should include mandatory learning team meetings. The meetings should be at the beg inning or middle of the classroom time.When time is given for learning team meetings during class, my experience has been that the professor gives the time at the end of class, and this has not been productive. Most of the class members have worked all day, and they are tired, so either they leave class early or they are not productive in the meetings. Online courses at University of Phoenix should be more affordable to students. This would help during times in a student’s life when he or she cannot make it to class. For example, a mother may have a sick child and whereas a mom cannot attend a class, a mom with a sick child could still attend class if the class is online.Mom with a sick child is just one example of the many situations that come up in life that an online course would better serve the student than the classroom setting. As I discussed earlier in this paper, I work for State Farm in the Auto Claims Department and with my Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Just ice my goal is to attain a position within the Special Investigative Unit. This unit works claims that may be fraudulent. I am taking online claim courses that my company provides for employees seeking a position in the SIU department, and I will continue to take courses on diversity and ethics.Also I will seek a mentor within the department who can show me the correct steps I need to take as I move forward toward this goal. I am considering continuing my education to receive a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice. My goal with this degree is maybe later in life to be a college professor. I believe the future college will be primarily online, which will open many opportunities for professors to teach from anywhere at anytime. This paper reflected on my personal and professional growth during my Criminal Justice program of study at the University of Phoenix.I discussed where I was before I began college at the University of Phoenix and evaluated the growth I experienced during my University of Phoenix program of study. In conclusion, I analyzed the impact of completing the University of Phoenix bachelor's program on my current and future professional goals.Reference University of Phoenix (2008). Program credits. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/Program/Credits/Program University of Phoenix (2009). Program credits. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/Program/Credits/Program

“Management in the Movie 3 Idiots”

When I first heard this movie, I said in my mind, what would this movie about and would it be nice to watch or it is going to be another boring movie. But when I started watching this movie is was impressed but it is a very nice movie and you can pick lessons from it which made it even better to watch. The movie is about 3 college student who met each other at the Imperial College of Engineering and became friends. They have done a lot of crazy, naughty and also good things to other people to make them happier. It inspires us a lot of things about education, morality, technology, self-motivation, and friendship. They try to achieve their goals despite coming from poor families. One of the best scenes in the movie is when the three men helped a baby birth. At that time, there was a big rain, black out and traffic jam. With limited equipment, eventually the baby was born. A combination among moral message, technology, self-motivation, silliness and friendship can be seen in this part. And from that part of the movie we can relate it to Management for they share the same qualities. Some of these qualities are: †¢Planning They planned what to do to get the power back to help the pregnant woman who was in the point of passing out. †¢Decision Making The three friends were asked to leave the school immediately for they did something wrong. On their way out, they saw a car parked and saw the Dean’s daughter about to conceive a baby and decided to help her for she was in terrible pain. †¢Organizing They have managed to organize a place that would be suitable for the pregnant woman and for the baby she is about to conceive. Staffing They have called everyone in the university to help the pregnant woman to contribute with whatever they have to help with the power. †¢Communicating If communication dies, everything dies. Each word has impact and value in communication. This was the most important because through this, they have made everything work fine, they managed to bring back the power and through this, they have made their connection and got knowledge on how to operate a pregnant woman in conceiving a baby. †¢Motivating They were motivating each other that they can do what is needed to be down right. The word â€Å"All is Well† was their way of saying that you can do it and when the baby was out of his mother’s womb, it was not breathing and that was their point of disappointment but when someone said â€Å"All is Well†, the baby started kicking and crying. †¢Leading One was leading others in what they could bring and do to help. †¢Controlling They were in control of everything that was happening from the place, to the electricity, and to the operation.

More Answers to Questions About Commas

More Answers to Questions About Commas More Answers to Questions About Commas More Answers to Questions About Commas By Mark Nichol Here are a few questions I have received recently about insertion or omission of commas. 1. When there are two introductory clauses, as in â€Å"In fact, to that end, let’s work hard as a team,† I’m wondering whether a comma should follow â€Å"to that end† or whether including another comma so close to the one following â€Å"In fact† looks cluttered. I would retain the second comma, because I would retain it if â€Å"In fact† were omitted, and I prefer to be consistent. The choice is a matter of preference between open (less) and close (more) punctuation, and I believe that close punctuation is more conducive to clarity and smooth reading. (However, you might also consider whether â€Å"in fact† is, in fact, necessary. It is superfluous as I just used it, and although I don’t know the context of the preceding sentence(s) in the source material, it’s likely extraneous in the statement you provided, too.) 2. I’m never sure when to use a comma before because and when not to. I’ve read various explanations but am still confused. Would it be accurate as a rule of thumb to omit a comma when the word only can be inserted in front of because without changing the meaning? In your example, the change would read, â€Å"The convention will be delayed until Tuesday [only] because of the threat of Tropical Storm Isaac now bearing down on Florida.† If the sentence is still true with only inserted, then omit a comma before because- does this work as a rule of thumb? In a sentence constructed like the example above, when the verb phrase (â€Å"will be delayed†) is not negated, a comma is omitted regardless of the presence or absence of only. It is required, however, in â€Å"The convention will not begin on Monday, because of the threat of Tropical Storm Isaac† (which is better organized as follows: â€Å"Because of the threat of Tropical Storm Isaac, the convention will not begin on Monday†). The absence of a comma in â€Å"The convention will not begin on Monday because of the threat of Tropical Storm Isaac† invites the reader to ask, â€Å"Why, then, will it begin on Monday?† This question, obviously, does not reflect the meaning intended. Another Daily Writing Tips reader provided this citation from The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style: â€Å"When because follows a negated verb phrase, it must be preceded by a comma when the because clause explains why the event did [or will] not take place.† 3. I’ve generally been using a comma before then in a sentence, but I find places it doesn’t sound like it’s needed. When I did a search online, I found that people have different opinions. Does it really matter? Can it be done either way for style, or does there always have to be a comma before it? In an â€Å"if . . . then† statement, a comma preceding then is necessary: â€Å"If I agree, then she’ll be happy.† If the comma is deleted, then might seem, at least initially, to refer to time (equivalent to â€Å"If I agree at that time, rather than at another time, she’ll be happy†), so, for clarity, insert the comma. Note, however, that an â€Å"if . . . then† statement doesn’t necessarily require then. The second sentence in this paragraph has that structure but lacks then (except referring to the word as a word, which doesn’t count). The sample sentence could be written, â€Å"If I agree, she’ll be happy.† Here, too, omitting the comma would create ambiguity: Someone reading, â€Å"If I agree she’ll be happy† might begin to assume that the writer is concurring that the other person will be happy at some other time, and that the sentence is merely an introductory phrase, only to find that no additional wording (for example, â€Å"she’ll appreciate that I share her opinion†) follows. In a sentence such as â€Å"I had a cup of coffee, then set to work,† the comma is also required. However, if a conjunction precedes then (â€Å"I had a cup of coffee and then set to work†), the comma is omitted because it is redundant to the conjunction. When then is employed as an emphatic filler (â€Å"What, then, is the point?†), though, the comma is of course necessary as the second in a pair of punctuation marks that bracket the parenthetical word. Writing that deviates from these rules may still be understandable though perhaps after possible initial confusion but it’s colloquial and doesn’t reflect well on careful writers. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceProbable vs. PossibleOppose and Opposed To

Business Ethics Case Study Information Technology Essay

Business Ethics Case Study Information Technology Essay   Many people believe that the World Wide Web can offer a great deal of anonymity and security from censorship but, they are dead wrong. Governments, the intelligence machinery, legal structures and any other relevant bodies can access information, censor, examine and even trace materials on the web because they have been granted the subpoena powers. These powers allow the aforementioned bodies to comb through computer servers in search of the identity of the person that created a specific file in question. People may see this as the infringement of their rights to privacy, however, threats posed by cyber criminals necessitate this ‘invasion of privacy’. In June 2000, a software program called Publius was created and launched. This program has the capacity to encrypt files into secret codes which are then, in effect, scattered all over the World Wide Web. This encrypting of published files by the software made the use of the subpoena powers granted to government and r elevant bodies almost irrelevant because anyone wanting to trace the origin of a particular file to be censored or, examine the contents of a specific file must have the help of the person that created the files, in order to decode the files’ encryption. Because of its ability to effectively ‘hide’ files on the internet, the software came as a relief to people who felt that their right to privacy was being infringed upon and they welcomed the software as they felt it could enhance their freedom of expression on the web. The software definitely promotes the anonymity of people using web resources but, one question that arises is why would anyone with so-called ‘good intentions’ want to remain anonymous? It is the criminals, terrorists, child pornographers and cyber stalkers who would like to remain anonymous and who, arguably, could benefit the most from this type of web encryption. The creators of the software aimed at helping people in repressive re gimes where freedom of expression was being curtailed but, the software is also being marketed in countries that do not have repressive elements. Is the marketing of this software really ethical? One may argue that the software benefits people whose privacy is being threatened but, looking at the other side of the coin, there are also losers in this debate. To determine whether it is ethical to market this software, it is important to look at the utilitarian ethical theory. What is utilitarianism? Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that the moral worth of any action can only be determined by its usefulness or utility. This utility is judged by the ability of the action to provide happiness and pleasure to the majority. Simply put, the theories hold that the moral worth of an action is determinable by its outcome. Utilitarianism is also refereed to as the greatest happiness principle and it focuses on the ability of an action to provide the greatest good to the greatest n umber of people (Lyons, 1995). Thus, the guiding principle in utilitarianism is the maximization of the good whether it be measured by individuals, the society or the government. Utilitarianism provides a code that determines the worth of public actions and even personal actions. If an action is bound to create significant harm to a bigger percentage of the society, then utilitarianism holds that that action has no moral worth and therefore reductionist policies or intervention measures need to be put in place to mitigate or prevent that harm. If an action is bound to benefit a larger percentage of the society, then that action is said to be ethical and has moral worth from a utilitarian view point. An action may be moral and even in accordance with the law but if that action does not benefit the majority; it is unethical from a utilitarian point of view. On the other hand, an action may be immoral and even against the law but if it serves public good by benefiting the majority, the n that action is ethical (Lyons, 1995).

Analysis of Types of Cell Organelles Coursework

Analysis of Types of Cell Organelles - Coursework Example As they contain water, they are able to make sure that the latter possibility remains in effect. The cell wall is a tough and flexible layer that surrounds many types of cells. It can be found outside of the cell membrane and plays the part of acting like a "pressure vessel," being able to prevent the cell from over-expanding when water enters it. They are found in plants, algae, and fungi - many organisms that need water as a part of their growth. The cell wall also filters what enters and exits the cell. The cell membrane can be found between the cellular machinery inside the cell and the fluid that can be found outside of the cell. The cell membrane is a permeable lipid bilayer that can be found in all cells, in all types of organisms. The cell membrane acts as a type of skin, separating the intracellular components from the environment of the extracellular components. The cell membrane helps to add shape to the cell and aids in the forming of tissue. The nucleus is the DNA provider of eukaryotic cells; in fact, the foremost function of the nucleus is to control gene expression as well as the replication of DNA during cell cycles. The structure of the nucleus allows it to control what it needs to, yet keeps itself away from the rest of the cytoplasm where it sees fit. The nucleus also contains pores that allow free movement of molecules and ions that need to pass through. The structure of the Golgi apparatus, the organelle that helps to process proteins for secretion, contains numerous membrane-bound stacks that are known as cisternae. The purpose of the cisternae is to modify the contents that enter the organelle based on where they would reside within the cell or organism. Each stack of cisternae on the Golgi apparatus contains five functional regions, each one capable of selectively modifying the contents of the organism. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein translation, the production, and storage of glycogen and steroids, transporting the proteins that are required within the cell, among many other functions. The structure of endoplasmic reticulum is made up of a number of cisternae, allowing the filtering of what goes inside the organelle and what is released.

Food and Politics in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food and Politics in Britain - Essay Example The year 1917 marked the worst times for Britain because of scarcity of food brought by bad winter and attack of the food supplies by Germans U-boats. The British government started food rationing to mitigate the food crisis, meat, tea, butter, margarine, sugar were some of the food stuffs rationed by the government. Previously, before food rationing, people had to queue on long queues, which led to frustrations and rioting by the persons especially workers in munitions factories. However, food rationing only took a short time because local communities started taking control of the food supply. Government took control of prices of food supplied by the local community and this led to drops in price. Queues started disappearing and the population had enough food supply (Mason 2004). Mason (2004) explains that because of scarcity of food in Britain during the First World War, they had to depend mostly on the outside world. The author points out that the government depended mostly on the imports and their food is industrialised. The British government import raw and finished food products from other countries. Because of the wars in the early times of the 20th century most of the people in Britain did not care much of the food culture. Only a few of them knew about food culture, however, the currently food culture is viable and in most households food culture is practiced. A small percentage of the British population was fond of meat and potatoes. These combinations were served as meat and two veg. Meat and two veg according to British culture is meat, potatoes and other vegetables served all together. However, industrialization phased out food culture in the late 20th century. Foods such as roasted beef, fruit cake and minced pies were embraced as traditional fo od. British foods served were made in regard to food fashion, health standards and eating habits. Unlike French and Italian food,

Individual case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual - Case Study Example urship and innovation challenges faced by the founder and the co-founder at the initial stages of operation and the strategies adopted by them to expand their business in the international markets (Stokes and  Wilson, 2010, p.65). Jeroen Glabeek and Gilbert Gooijers, the founder and the co-founder were classmates and shared same interest in academics during their college days with the activity of radio broadcasting as a commercial business. Glabeek and Gooijers considered the proposal of their customers to send ringtones and sms to the overseas European markets such as Spain and tying up with the telecom service providers in those countries. In the course of their step towards innovation and entrepreneurship, they also considered their failed venture in the past in Poland. Taking into account the prospects of the international markets, the company considered at the development of software in the mobile phones of the customers all over the world (Kumar, 2008, p.57). In order to attr act customers, they started to make their customers aware of the wide reach of the sms service and the response of the people after reading their sms. The clients of CM were able to send the plan of their activity to their customers and the overwhelming response of the customers led to the increase in sms traffic over the years as shown in Exhibit 1. The increase in the sms traffic and the growth of business reflected in the financial statements of the company. From the time the company started in 2000, the company has moved from a net loss position in 2000 to a net profit position of â‚ ¬1233602 in 2009. The income statement of CM over the years has been given in Exhibit 2. The decision criteria for success and sustainability of CM’s business are the analysis of the entrepreneurial and innovative measures in the business of sms service. The success and sustainability is decided by the impact of measures taken to meet the challenges in the competitive industry, the impact on the

The Study Of Motivation In Sport Physical Education Essay

The Study Of Motivation In Sport Physical Education Essay This reviewed research is on motivation in sport. A variety of definitions and approaches to the study motivation will be discussed. One of the forms of motivation being discussed will be intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivations are very important for promoting satisfaction and long term participation in sport. There are three theoretical approaches to the study of intrinsic motivation: behavioral, cognitive, and motivational. Researchers have found that the intrinsic motivation of athletes seems extremely important for long-term involvement, and fine-tuned performance in sport. Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that comes from outside an individual. The motivating factors are external, or outside, rewards such as money or grades. These rewards provide satisfaction and pleasure that the task itself may not provide. Another form of motivation has to do with gender. Researches have determined that there are motivational differences among male and female sports. Its also been determined that male and female athletes possess different strengths and weaknesses within the motivational climate. Some detailed differences stated were that men had higher levels of motivation in competition, social acknowledgment, strength and endurance, where women had stronger motivation to control weight. The last factor I will cover is cultural effect on motivation. Introduction to your Research Topic Deci, et al. (1999) state that intrinsic motivation can also be enhanced by increasing an individuals perceptions of autonomy and competence. Deci, et al. (1999) also showed that research supported the idea that extrinsic motivations impact on intrinsic motivation was influenced by the controlling nature of those extrinsic rewards. For instance, positive feedback that is not considered controlling would likely add to an individuals perceived competence and have a positive effect on their intrinsic motivation. Vallerand (2000) looks at motivation in a multidimensional manner that encompasses more than the dichotomy of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. He states that motivation for both is on a continuum that ranges from a high to low level of determination and that operates on three distinct levels: global (ones overall general motivation), contextual (in a specific domain or field such as education or sports), and situational (the here and now). At each of these levels individuals can have different motivation levels (both intrinsic and extrinsic). For example, one could be highly intrinsically motivated to participate in sports, but less intrinsically motivated regarding education (contextual). However, if a person is feeling ill or tired, they may not have the same intrinsic motivation to participate in sports activities that day (situational). Extrinsic rewards could be applied to both and impact situational motivation in both the short and long term. For example, that individual might be highly motivated to do well on a test and receive a good grade (extrinsic motivation) so that they can be eligible to play on their sports team (intrinsic motivation). Vallerand (2000) postulates that repeated levels of low levels of situational intrinsic motivation will likely have a diminishing effect on the larger contextual intrinsic motivation. He highlights research done on motivation to play basketball where intrinsic motivational levels were affected by situational motivational levels during tournament games. This research has many implications for organizations and educational situations. While understanding that extrinsic motivation is one of the main drivers of the business world, compensation and other incentive packages need to address their impact on intrinsic motivation and be developed in ways that will reduce the adverse affects or possibly even add to the intrinsic motivational levels. More research on real life situations would be beneficial. Background of the Research Topic Motivation in sports and exercise has been studied over the last century but only in recent decades has motivation by gender been analyzed. studies in the area of motivation by gender in these sports and exercise fields: individual and team sports and exercise, martial arts, basketball, volleyball, track and field, and general sports participation and exercise (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). These results were the most consistent throughout the reports with other similarities and differences noted with each study. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are both adaptable and change in response to specific situations and life occurrences. While not easy to define, intrinsic motivation can be described as an internal drive to perform an activity. While extrinsic motivation is ascribed to an external motivating source that drives action. It is postulated that people attribute their behavior either to an internal or external source. Intrinsic motivation correlates positively to when people attribute their motivation to internal sources, while extrinsic motivation is correlated to belief in an external source for their behavior (Wiersma, U. J., 1992). Extrinsic motivation, by definition, is changeable since it is an external motivator one can change the reward or external source (i.e. amount of money offered to do a job, feedback on performance, etc.). Meta-analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational research by Deci, Koestner and Ryan (1999) found that intrinsic motivation is negatively affected when tangible extrinsic motivation is attached to the behavior. This undermining of intrinsic motivation is postulated to be the result of a perceived decrease in autonomy and competency by the individual receiving the extrinsic reward. Self-determination Theory states that humans have three inherent needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Of these, autonomy and competence are the main drivers of intrinsic motivation (Franken, 2002). Thus we see that intrinsic motivation can be changed by adding an extrinsic motivating component. Motivation is a crucial factor within the sport and exercise field. Understanding what and how motivation works is equally important. Based on these reviews gender also plays a role within the motivational climate. Studies have revealed variations in motivational factors within each gender. In Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, and Li-Kangs journal 87 male and 87 female basketball players from the HBL were selected for the research. Four research questionnaires were used to measure four phenomena: participants goal orientation, the motivational climate they perceived, perceived personal athletic ability, perceived personal sport-related confidence (Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, Li-Kang,2003). Using a t test gender differences were detected. Males tended to record higher scores than females for sports related confidence variables. Males scored higher within ego orientation, perceived ability, and in physical performance. Females tended to score higher in task orientation, perceived task climate, and leadership styles (Chie-der, Chen, Hung-yu, Li-Kang,2003).   Numerous studies have examined the question of whether there are differences in youth motives across sports, age, gender, and culture and suggest that children or adolescents are subject to the environmental influences in their motivation to participate in certain physical activities. Thus, investigating the diversities in motivation of participation may shed light on the underlying reasons of why children or adolescents take part in various forms of physical activity or sports. Impact on sports Gender: In Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomews study 233 students were studied, 132 women, 101 men. The purpose behind this study was to compare sports participation and exercise motivation through a highly differentiated scale of physical activity. The second objective was to investigate the impact of gender on motivation. This study determined that men were more highly motivated then women when it came to endurance and strength, social recognition, challenge, and most notably competition, where women were more motivated by weight management (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). It was further suggested in this analysis that motivations to engage in sports differed from motivators to engage in exercise. It was also noted that more of the health related motives were linked to exercise opposed to sports participation thus indicating that sports participation are more closely related to intrinsic motives. It was suggested that based on these findings that men leaned more closely to intrinsic m otivation then women. This study further implied that men viewed exercise and fitness opportunities as a means to achieve ego related goals that support their sports participation where as women seemed to enjoy exercise and sports participation equally (Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005). In Murcia, Gimeno, and Colls study 413 athletes completed a perceived motivational climate in sports questionnaire. The sample was comprised of 322 boys and 91 girls, sports included individual and team sports. This analysis used the MANOVA to analyze the effects of gender, goal orientations, and perception of motivational climate and its flow. The findings showed that males had a stronger ego orientation that more specifically involved punishment for errors then did females. Females were more inclined to identify a motivational climate orientated towards learning (Murcia, Gimeno, and Coll,2008). In Jones, Mackay, and Peters journal 17,463 participants participated in a questionnaire. This analysis differed from the others in this review. It noted no significant gender differences, it also noted that the four most important motivations for both male and females were affiliation, fitness, skill development, and friendship, this opposed to the three least influential motivators which were reward/status, situational, and competition. It also noted that the individuals studied in martial arts were immersed in a holistic approach of the martial art which placed increased value on the underlying philosophy. They further noted that the style of the instructor encompassing teaching/communication style and technical ability is of paramount importance for enhancing student motivation to participate (Jones, Mackay, and Peters, 2006). It is implicated within this research that the similarity in gender motivation may be a result of the philosophies of the teachings. Cultural: cultural differences in psychological meanings for sport have been documented by empirical research. Research in cross-cultural sport psychology, for example, has found group differences in how athletes prioritize achievement motives, team affiliation, and social recognition (e.g., Kolt et.al.; 1999; Rees, Brettschneider, Brandl-Bredenbeck, 1998; Weinberg et.al., 2000). Similarly, a large literature about sport, globalization, and cultural imperialism describes how sport associates with distinct mentalities within particular historical and national contexts (e.g., Guttmann, 1994; MacAloon, 1996; Maguire, 1999; Miller, Lawrence, McKay, Rowe, 2001). findings of previous research Gender In Gillson, Standage, and Skevingtons journal which studied 300 male and 280 female students in their motivation towards exercise. Motivation towards exercise was measured using the behavioral regulation and exercise questionnaire-2. The statistics were calculated separately for males and females, then gender differences were explored using t-tests and x2 tests. Similar to other results in this review weight seemed to be a greater motivation within girls than boys however girls in general were less motivated to exercise then boys. The most common motivation factor for boys were fitness and health and for girls body tone, health, and attractiveness. In this study just like the study of Kilpatrick, Hebert, Bartholomew, 2005 it was determined that girls were reported to exercise more for extrinsic goals then boys, more specifically when it came to weight control (Gillson, Standage, and Skevington, 2006). Cultural: This study derived from participant-observation with the two mens soccer teams, one sponsored by a private Midwestern university in the United States (referred to as UA) and one associated with a government-sponsored university in Malawi in sub-Saharan Africa (referred to as UM). Because the teams were similar in regards to the relative educational and class status of their members, the two groups varied most clearly by cultural context. Qualitative data was obtained from interviews and observations gathered during two years with the UA team and a year with the UM team. The specific procedures are discussed below after providing necessary context by discussing the participants and settings. Conclusions section It is concluded that it is important for coaches, teachers and parents to stress to young athletes the need to improve skills, teamwork and sportsmanship over the win at all costs attitude. terms/concepts Key words: self-determination, goal orientations, motivational climate, perceived competence References page JAM Murcia,(2008) Relationships among Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate and Flow in Adolescent Athletes: Difference by Gender,The Spanish Journal of Psychology, volume 11, number 1, 181-191. Kilpatrick, Hebert, and Bartholomew, (2005) College Students Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Mens and Womens Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise, Journal of American College Health, volume 54, number2 Gareth W. Jones, Ken S. Mackay, and Derek M. Peters, (2006) Participation Motivation in Martial Artists in the West Midlands Region of England, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine CSSI, 28-34 Dongfang Chie-der, Steve Chen, Chou Hung-yu, and Chi Li-Kang, (2003), Gender Differential in the Goal Setting, Motivation, Perceived Ability, and Confidence Sources of Basketball Players, The Sport Journal ISSN 1543-9518 Gillison, Standage, Skevington, (2006), Relationships among adolescents weight perceptions, exercise goals, exercise motivation, quality of life and leisure-time exercise behavior: a self-determination theory approach, Oxford Journals, Vol. 21, no. 6 Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., and Ryan, R. M., (1999). Meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic reward and intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin (125). Retrieved on August 21, 2003 from EBSCOhost. Franken, R. E., (2002). Human Motivation. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. Vallerand, R. J., (2000). Deci and Ryans Self-Determination Theory: A view from the Hierarchical Model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Wiersma, U. J., (1992). The effects of extrinsic rewards in intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (65). Retrieved on August 21, 2003 from EBSCOhost.

Humanism The Renaissance And M Essays -- essays research papers

Humanism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The introduction of the concept of humanism greatly affected the Renaissance. The Humanistic influence shaped Renaissance art, writing, education and thinkers, its ideas were spread among all aspects of life. Machiavelli’s writings during the Renaissance were also affected by the ideas of humanism. His ideas reflect the thoughts of humanism in the way he thought governments and societies should be organized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanism’s influence on art was very obvious, it could be seen slowly infiltrating all art throughout the Renaissance. At the begging of the Renaissance, most art was very dark and dismal. The works portrayed people doing very menial labor, the people did not seem happy and their clothing was very plain. As the Renaissance progressed and humanism’s influence was more felt the paintings used lighter colors, the people in them were smiling and their clothing many times included gold trim or accents. The late Renaissance art also has a larger focus on religion, as humanism inspired people in many forms by the use of religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humanism came about with the idea that a person should have a very rounded education covering many aspects of society especially history, geometry, and art. During the renaissance as the ideas of humanism spread, especially in its educational sense, more schools and universities were erected and a much higher percentage of people were forma...

Potential Cognitive and Memory Enhancing Property of the Caulerpa Lentillifera (Lato) & Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Guso).

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale It is true that some of us get more forgetful as we age. It may take longer to learn new things, remember certain words, or find our glasses. These changes are often signs of forgetfulness. Brain scientists believe that the effects of normal aging on memory may result from the subtly changing environment within the brain. With aging, the brain seems to lose cells in areas that produce important neurotransmitters, upsetting the brain’s delicate balance of these chemical messengers. Other changes occur in the brain’s white matter, which is made up of nerve cell fibers, the â€Å"telephone cables† of brain cells through which communication with other cells takes place. Just how these changes affect memory is not entirely clear, but it may be that they decrease the efficiency of cell-to-cell communication. What the scientist knows is as we get older, our capability to lay down fresh memories may be affected, making it more difficult to learn new things. It’s not so much that we forget more easily, but that we may take longer to learn the information in the first place A lot of studies have been made in different substance for its potential property on enhancing memory and cognition. Docosahexaenoic acid is one of them. DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA is believe that it could maintain memory and support overall cognitive health. A carotenoid namely fucoxanthin increase the amount DHA in the biological system without intake of fish oil supplementation. It is also consider that low carotenoid levels could play a role in cognitive impairment. Phytochemicals such as antioxidants polyphenolic compounds flavonoids occur all over in foods of plant origin like fruits and vegetable, carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C have also a possible in improving age-related neurological dysfunction. These substances could also be found in marine algae and other marine organism. DHA is mostly found in the fish oil but the DHA originates from the photosynthetic and heterotrophic microalgae and macroalgae that the fish ate and other marine creature. Phytochemical such as flavonoids is found also in algae. Knowing about this there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Eating seaweeds could have its benefits. It is time to get to know the seaweeds known in the Filipino tables which are Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot although everyone calls it a ‘seaweed', â€Å"lukot† is anything but a the ‘secretions' of the creature dongsul/Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and it is not an algae but it eats algae. With all this information there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Thus this study is to be conducted. A. kappaphycus alvarezii (Guso)B. Caulerpa lentillifera (Lato) www. ruffordsmallgrants. orgwww. backpackingphilippines. com C. Egg mass of Sea Hare (Dolabella auriculari) (Lukot) www. marketmanila. com Fig. 1 A, B, C: Seaweeds and Egg Mass Used in the Experiments Objective of the Study This study aims to determine the memory and cognitive enhancing properties of Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on mature albino mice. 1. To determine the average time at which the mice were able to complete the task after the allotted period for the consumption of the pigeon pellets, Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). 2. To compare which of the treatment Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and â€Å"lukot† egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) have more cognitive and memory enhancing property. Significance of the Study The importance of the study is to help us reveal the potential cognitive and memory enhancing property of the Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso). Once its memory-cognition enhancing property is determine, this study promotes the consumption of edible eaweeds and other marine creatures to be part of the diet of average Filipino citizen like the Japanese people. Incorporating it through our daily meals could be use as a preventive measure away from dementia, Alzheimer’s and other memory-cognitive decline diseases. Moreover this study will present additional information to the other researchers with their studies in improving the memory & cognition and those researchers doing investigation & experimentation on Caulerpa le ntillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso)and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). Scope and Limitation The study only focuses on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and its cognitive-memory enhancing property. The seaweeds and the egg mass will be purchased in Carbon Public Market. The experimentation will takes place in University of San Carlos- Animal House, Pharmacological Testing Room where there is sufficient air, light and ventilation and the testing period will take 20 days. The mature albino white mice will be coming from one single source and will weigh 25-30grams. The method will be use in measuring memory and cognition will be Morris Water Maze. The time that the rat reaches the platform is used as the basis of analysis on the memory-cognitive enhancing property. This study only provide information on the effectiveness of the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on their cognitive-memory enhancing property. Definition of Terms Cognition- A term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid )-An omega-3, polyunsaturated, 22-carbon fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine animal oils. Latency- The amount of time a message takes to traverse a system. Memory- Refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage and retrieval. Non-sequential- Not in logical order or sequence. Spatial- With reference to space or arrangement in space. Quasi-random- A low-discrepancy sequence. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE One of the memory & cognition decline is caused by oxidative stress and epigenetic changes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that progressive oxidative damage is a conserved, central mechanism of age-related functional decline moreover; genes that mediate oxidative stress responses and DNA damage repair constitute the largest class of genes up regulated in the ageing human prefrontal cortex. Dietary antioxidants can suppress many age-related gene expressions and can reduce cognitive decline and prevent oxidative damage to the brain in ageing rats (Bishop et al. , 2010). Eating food rich in phytochemicals improves the aged-related neurological dysfunction including the most devastating of these, are Alzheimer’s disease [AD] and Parkinson’s disease [PD]. Phytochemicals such as consumption of dietary antioxidants polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetable), Carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C (Youdim and Joseph, 2001) A study was done showing the relationship between cognitive performance (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol Substitution, Finger Tapping Test, and Word Fluency Test) and different plasma carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, a-carotene, and trans-bcarotene and cis-b-carotene) in a healthy elderly population. Logistic regression showed that participants with the lowest cognitive functioning (25th percentile) had a higher probability of having low levels of specific plasma carotenoids (,1st quartile): lycopene and zeaxanthin. This shows that Low carotenoid level in the blood could be the cause of cognitive impairment. (Akbaraly, et al. 2007). Fucoxanthum a carotenoid extracted in macroalgae by using of powdered seaweed (Undaria Pinnatifida) with chloroform/methanol (2:1) v/v. Undaria lipids containing the Fucoxanthin 9. 6% was obtained from the powdered seaweed while 78% from the crude. Fucoxanthin also enhances the amount of DHA in the liver. This shows the chance of dietary fucoxanthin stimulated increase DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in biological system without direct DHA supplementation. DHA is naturally originate in the body in small amounts, and is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA oil is abundant in some marine microalgae (Miyashita, et al. 2008). A Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging and with Alzheimer’s disease. The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally essential nutrients that enhance quality of life and lower the risk of premature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on behavior and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites. In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. For the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for borderline personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correlate with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Altern Med Rev, 2007). Twenty weaning Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into two groups and fed either with a diet that was adequate in LNA (n-3 Adq) or with a diet that was deficient in LNA (n-3 Def). In the MWM test, the escape latency of both groups gradually decreased over the testing period, indicating an improvement in performance for both groups. In general, the n-3 Adq group had shorter late ncies to locate the escape platform than the n-3-Def rats (P

A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun Essay

In the article â€Å"A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun,† the author, Linda M. Hasselstrom, has a credible argument for carrying a gun. Hasselstrom has a solid ethical appeal and her argument had logic based on her many dangerous personal experiences. Although her argument is credible, she uses many fallacies to make it seem that if women have a gun they can protect themselves from men. Ms. Hasselstrom has ethical appeal because she used credible personal situations to support her authority to possess a gun. Because she was such a peace-loving woman, carrying a gun would be a fallacy. Her cause and effects gave this article logical appeal on the subject of carrying guns for safety purposes. Although she establishes good logical appeal, she failed to include statistics that could have made her argument more credible. Despite Hasselstrom’s characteristics of being a peace-loving, caring woman, a series of unfortunate dangerous situations caused her to feel the need to protect herself. She states in the article â€Å"I am a peace-loving woman. But several events in the past ten years have convinced me I’m safer when I carry a pistol. † Although she feels that a firearm may be a security blanket for her, she struggles with the thought of possessing one. Before she eventually purchased a gun and obtained a license, she had taken some action to prevent this from happening. One action that she took to prevent from having to purchase a firearm was taking a kung fu class, which teaches self defense when someone enters your space without permission; another was to carry spray deodorant acting as mace. She had the most difficultly convincing herself mentally that she could shoot a person. The sense of safety made her sometimes doubt her ability to ever shoot a person. The article states that â€Å"she was against firearms, and local police told us that mace was illegal. † Although she did not like the thought of possessing a firearm, she felt as if it was her last resort. Throughout Hasselstrom’s many dangerous personal life threatening situations and her need to feel safe had emotional appeal, especially to women. The threat of realizing that locking her windows and car doors and avoiding places that are known as dangerous, was not providing her the safety she needed. She then practiced shooting a gun and made it legal by purchasing a license. Although she sates in the article, â€Å"just carrying a pistol is not protection; avoidance is still the best approach to trouble,† she usually put herself in these life threatening situations. All through her many dangerous situations, her main fear seemed to be of men. Hasselstrom’s goal of reaching the feeling of safety was met. She had many personal experiences that made her argument ethical and logical. Although after reflecting on the men that caused such fear in her life, she began to look at her situations from a different point of view. She states that â€Å"A pistol is not the only way to avoid being raped or murdered in today’s world, but, intelligently wielded, it can shift the balance of power and provide a measure of safety. † Although she does not enjoy the thought of possessing a firearm she has realized that it is a measure of safety that she needs.

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland

History of the Picts Tribe of Scotland The Picts were an amalgam of tribes who lived in the eastern and northeastern regions of  Scotland during the ancient and early medieval period, merging into other peoples around the tenth century. Origins The origins of the Picts are hotly are disputed: one theory claims they were formed of tribes who predated the arrival of the Celts in  Britain, but other analysts suggest that they may have been a branch of the Celts. The coalescence of the tribes into the Picts may well have been a reaction to the Roman occupation of Britain. Language is equally controversial, as there’s no agreement on whether they spoke a variant of Celtic or something older. Their first written mention was by the Roman orator Eumenius in 297 CE, who mentioned them attacking Hadrian’s Wall. The differences between Picts and Britons are also disputed, with some works highlighting their similarities, others their differences; however, by the eighth century, the two were thought to be different from their neighbors. Pictland and Scotland The Picts and  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Romans had a relationship of frequent warfare, and this didn’t change much with their neighbors after the Romans withdrew from Britain. By the seventh century, the Pictish tribes had merged together into a region named, by others, as ‘Pictland’, albeit with a varying number of sub-kingdoms. They sometimes conquered and ruled neighboring kingdoms, such as Dl Riada. During this period a sense of ‘Pictishness’ may have emerged among the people, a sense that they were different from their older neighbors that werent there before. By this stage Christianity had reached the Picts and conversions had occurred; there was a monastery at Portmahomack in Tarbat during the seventh to early ninth centuries. In 843 the King of the Scots, Cà ­naed mac Ailpà ­n (Kenneth I MacAlpin), also became King of the Picts, and shortly after the two regions together into one kingdom called Alba, from which Scotland developed. The peoples of these land s merged together to become Scots. Painted People and Art It is not known what the Picts called themselves. Instead, there is a name which may be derived from the Latin picti, which means ‘painted’. Other pieces of evidence, like the Irish name for the Picts, ‘Cruithne’, which also means ‘painted’ leads us to believe that the Picts practiced body painting, if not actual tattooing. The Picts had a distinct artistic style that remains in carvings and metalwork. Professor Martin Carver has been quoted in The Independent as saying: â€Å"They were the most extraordinary artists. They could draw a wolf, a salmon, an eagle on a piece of stone with a single line and produce a beautiful naturalistic drawing. Nothing as good as this is found between Portmahomack and Rome. Even the Anglo-Saxons didnt do stone-carving, as well as the Picts, did. Not until the post-Renaissance were people able to get across the character of animals just like that.†